THE INDIAN PAPERS OF COLONEL CLIVE AND BRIGADIER-GENERAL CARNAC, 1752-1774 |
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a guide to the online version
Contents 1. Introduction to the papers of Clive of India by Huw Bowen _______________ The papers of Clive of India : an introduction by Huw Bowen, Swansea University This online collection is an essential resource for those wishing to study the life and career of a man who stands in the very first rank of historical figures, and it is of the greatest importance to those who wish fully to explore the often controversial events that preceded, accompanied, and followed the establishment of Britain's Indian empire during the mid-eighteenth century. For the actions and decisions of Robert Clive (1725-1774), 1st Baron Clive, who is still popularly known as 'Clive of India', have exerted a profound influence upon the interconnected histories of Britain and India since the middle of the eighteenth century, and many of his achievements and legacies are still hotly debated today. First an officer in the private army of the East India Company, and then later twice governor of Bengal, he was the leading actor in the political and military events that paved the way for the rapid establishment of a large British territorial empire on the Indian subcontinent during the 1750s and 1760s. As such he presided over the transformation of the East India Company from a commercial body into an imperial power, and he is widely regarded as having laid the foundations of the British Raj in India. Clive was elevated to the status of British national hero, famously being referred to by William Pitt the Elder as a 'heaven-born general', and as a man of action he was much lauded for his achievements on the battle field. But Clive was also a highly controversial figure who during an often troubled lifetime attracted much unwanted attention from the public, Parliament, and the press. He had increasingly to fend off accusations of corruption and the misuse of power during his time in India; and his thrusting domestic political ambitions saw him engage in a bitter and damaging factional struggle for control of the East India Company in London. Many in polite society came to revile him as the leading 'nabob', or returned East India Company servant, and he was condemned for spending his enormous private fortune on the houses, estates, and possessions that he acquired in an attempt to carve out an elevated position for his family in English landed society. Even in death Clive remained controversial, and it has been generally but erroneously assumed that in 1774 he committed suicide at the age of 49 during one of the bouts of depressive illness that had punctuated his extraordinary life. Subsequently, he has received both lavish praise and ferocious criticism from successive generations of historians, writers, politicians, and polemicists; and his life has featured in the work of feature-film and documentary film makers. Robert Clive was, then, a highly complex and enigmatic man whose multi-dimensional life and career continues to receive close attention from historians, students, and all those interested in the contested origins of Britain's Indian empire. The provenance of the archive After Clive's death in 1774, his many personal and political papers remained in the possession of his descendants, and until the 1940s they were held at the main family home, Powis Castle near Welshpool in Montgomeryshire, Mid-Wales. From time to time, however, the papers were made available to scholars, and indeed Clive's early biographer Sir John Malcolm took some of the collection to India with him when he became governor of Bombay in 1827. During and after his voyage to India, Malcolm prepared extensive transcripts of the most important papers but, unfortunately, by the time the collection was returned to the Powis family these copies had become inextricably mixed up with the original documents, which left the whole collection in a state of considerable disarray and confusion. It was only during the late-1940s that the papers included in this microfilm collection, together with other Powis family and estate papers, were deposited at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, where they were then sorted and catalogued in a rather basic fashion during the early 1950s. This means that now to be found at Aberystwyth are Clive's outgoing letters in the form of copy letter books, together with a very large assortment of estate, financial, and personal papers. However, a rather unfortunate division of Clive's papers meant that in 1956 all of his incoming letters and some other miscellaneous items were deposited at the India Office Library, which is now a subsidiary part of the British Library's Asia, Pacific, and Africa Collection, where they take the form of the Clive Collection (MSS Eur. G37, 95 boxes, mainly of correspondence, papers and accounts covering the years 1751 to 1774); and other Clive papers, primarily estate and property documents, have been deposited in various collections at the Shropshire Archives in Shrewsbury. This tripartite division of what was once a single archive has long posed significant problems to historians who often need to work with closely related items that are found in locations that are at quite some distance from one another. Thus in a practical sense the availability of this online collection has the potential to make life very much easier for those who wish to undertake a holistic study Clive's life and career. As far as the deposit at Aberystwyth is concerned, it was not until the late-1990s that extensive work was done on the Clive papers by archivists at the National Library of Wales. This followed a further small deposit of Clive material made by the Powis family in 1990 and both groups of papers were subsequently purchased by the Library in 1996. Three years later, the Malcolm transcripts were systematically removed from the Clive papers, and this paved the way for the first detailed listing of the collection, a process that was completed in 2006. Clive: a biographical outline Robert Clive was born on 29 September 1725 at Styche Hall, Moreton Say, near Market Drayton in Shropshire, the eldest of the thirteen children of Richard Clive and Rebecca, daughter of Nathaniel Gaskell of Manchester. The family had been long established as members of the local gentry, but Clive's parents struggled to bring up a large number of children and Clive himself spent much of his time away from Shropshire, first staying with relatives in Lancashire and then attending a number of educational establishments in different parts of the country. The young Clive was at times temperamental, impatient, and aggressive, and to many of his biographers these character traits were later to define his career as a soldier and statesman. But whatever the truth of the colourful tales that have been endlessly recycled about Clive's early years, it seems clear that his father believed that he could never follow in his own footsteps as a provincial lawyer. Instead, a place was found for him in the service of the East India Company and in December 1742 Clive was appointed to serve as a clerk or 'writer' at the Company's trading station and fort at Madras. After a long, difficult, and interrupted voyage, a much-impoverished Clive arrived in 1744 at the small Company settlement of Fort St George, where he settled down to a lonely, unhappy, and quarrelsome existence punctuated by fits of chronic depression that on more than one occasion seem to have pushed him to the very brink of suicide. In a political sense, the India that Clive arrived in was defined by regional power struggles that were being played out against the decline of the once-powerful Mughal Empire, and the whole situation was made more unstable by escalating tensions between the trading companies of the Dutch, French, and British. Thus, while at first Clive served a routine apprenticeship as a secretary and accountant at Fort St George, the direction in which his life was moving altered abruptly in 1746 when hostilities between France and Britain led to the armed forces of the Compagnie française des Indes orientales driving their British rivals from their settlement at Madras. The desperate nature of this situation saw Clive hastily enlist in the Company's army and he soon caught the eye of his superiors during a series of actions in South India. In particular Clive forged a strong relationship with Major Stringer Lawrence during expeditions to Tanjore in 1749, with his bravery and actions at Devakottai prompting Lawrence to comment that Clive, now a lieutenant, had been 'born a soldier'. Early rewards followed the cessation of hostilities and the return of Madras to the British under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748, and Clive took up a series of lucrative appointments which saw him derive considerable profits from contracts to supply the Company's armed forces. Although Clive's poor mental and physical condition was such that he had to take a recuperative visit to Calcutta, by 1750 he had certainly made a name for himself and firmly established himself within the Company. Political manoeuvring for advantage led to a resumption of hostilities in 1751 as the French and British companies backed rival Indian claimants for the influential position of nawab of the Carnatic, and Clive was soon back in the Company's army with the rank of Captain. He took the lead in several important actions, notably by organising resistance to besiegers during the fifty-day siege of Arcot (Sept-Nov 1751), and a series of follow-up victories was rounded off when between April and June 1752 he managed to secure the relief of Trinchinopoly which was being besieged by the massed force of Chanda Sahib, the French-backed candidate for nawab. Throughout this period of intense action, Clive displayed conspicuous bravery, often being in the thick of the action, but he was also blessed with outstanding leadership and organisational skills as well as considerable good fortune. By the end of this extended campaign, he had acquired a reputation as an invincible hero who commanded loyalty from European and India troops alike, and this served in no small measure to restore Britain's flagging fortunes in southern India. Once more, however, Clive was in poor health and he decided to return home after almost a decade in India, but before he did so he married Margaret Maskelyne, the seventeen-year-old sister of his close friend Edmund. Shortly after his marriage, Clive invested all of his private fortune in diamonds, and the newly wed couple sailed for Britain, where they arrived in October 1753. On his return to London, Clive was fêted by the grateful directors of the East India Company and he received numerous gifts and accolades. Bolstered by personal wealth amounting to £40,000, he endeavoured to advance both his social and political ambitions but he met with mixed success. He paid off many of the family's debts and settled allowances on a number of relatives, acts which were characteristic of the generosity he always displayed towards those who were close to him. But at the same time he attracted unwanted attention from critics of his fame and fortune, and he was unable to gain entry to the arena of parliamentary politics. At the general election of 1754 he at first stood successfully as an opposition candidate for one of the two seats available for the borough of Mitchell in Cornwall but he was subsequently unseated almost a year later following protests from candidates standing on the government interest. Not only was this a considerable political setback, but the whole episode had added considerably to the drain on Clive's financial resources. Recognising the weakness of his position, Clive eventually responded positively when the East India Company offered him the position of second-in-command of an expedition that was to be mounted from Bombay against the French-backed Nizam of Hyderabad. The Company also offered Clive the governorship of Fort St David on the Coromandel Coast, a position that meant that in time he would become governor of the Presidency of Madras. Not quite thirty years of age, and accompanied by his wife, Clive set out for India for a second time in April 1755. Again, things did not work out in the way that Clive might have expected. He arrived at Bombay to find that the military expedition had been cancelled, so after a brief action against the notorious pirate fortress of Gheria Clive proceeded in the company of Admiral Charles Watson to Madras where he duly took up his post as governor of Fort St David, a few miles south of Pondicherry, in June 1756. But Clive's return to the familiar surroundings was soon rudely interrupted by the arrival of news that the new young ruler of Bengal, the nawab Siraj-ud-daula, had seized the city of Calcutta, which contained the Company's settlement of Fort William, and this catastrophic setback for the East India Company had been followed by the infamous and much-disputed 'Black Hole' incident during the course of which forty or so British prisoners died during the overnight confinement in a small, stiflingly hot room. The British response was to mount a relieving combined forces expedition led by Watson and Clive. The expedition left Madras in October and, after meeting resistance at Budge-Budge, Clive's troops recaptured Calcutta without a struggle on 2 January 1757. However, Clive's forces then had to see off a robust assault on the city from a large army led by the nawab, and only then did negotiations commence, leading to the Treaty of Calcutta, which was settled on 9 February 1757. Throughout the brief campaign Clive's leadership had increasingly been characterised by indecision and misjudgements, but, in addition to securing substantial reparations and new privileges, he had managed to restore the Company's position to that which had existed before the outbreak of hostilities. With news of the outbreak of the Seven Years' War arriving from Europe, Clive remained in Calcutta in order to try and prevent an alliance being formed between the nawab and the French. The threat posed by French forces stationed at Chandernagore, a few miles up the River Hughli, was considerable, and in a pre-emptive action Clive attacked the settlement on 13 March 1757, although it was the arrival of Watson's ships ten days later that made a decisive contribution to the eventual British victory. The nawab was much alarmed by this turn of events, which suggested that the British were fast becoming the main power broker in the region, and at the same time he was threatened by a conspiracy among some of his followers who were aiming to remove him from power. The British were drawn into this conspiracy, which seemed to offer the prospect of peace and stability in the region; and Clive began to negotiate with Mir Jafar, a general in the nawab's army who was deemed to be an acceptable candidate to act as ruler of Bengal. The Calcutta merchant Amirchand acted as a go-between during the course of these negotiations, but he made heavy financial demands which he wished to have settled following any overthrow of the nawab, and he insisted that these demands were met in any treaty drawn up between the British and Mir Jafar. All of the parties to the negotiation were deeply suspicious of one another, and an atmosphere of mistrust formed the prologue to an infamous episode in which Clive ordered two treaties to be drafted. One fictitious treaty was destined for Amirchand and set out details of a large payment to be made to him in the event of any successful transfer of power in Bengal, while the authentic treaty placed before Mir Jafar contained no mention of any such sum of money. Clive's duplicitous action offered considerable ammunition to later generations of his critics, as did the forging on the fictitious treaty of the signature of Watson who was seemingly reluctant to involve himself in an act of gross deception. These events paved the way for the overthrow of Siraj-ud-daula, which occurred following the defection of Mir Jafar's forces to the British during the battle of Plassey which took place on 23 June 1757. The battle itself was a very limited affair, in which Clive failed to distinguish himself, but the consequences were far-reaching. Siraj-ud-daula was replaced as nawab by Mir Jafar and Clive was able to report to the directors of the East India Company that a 'revolution' had occurred in Bengal. In the wake of the establishment of a British-sponsored regime in Bengal followed lavish gifts or 'presents' worth over £1.2 million which were handed over to leading British figures by the new nawab, Mir Jafar. As the principal architect of British success, Clive was generously rewarded and he took full advantage of the situation to enrich himself. In 1757 he received presents worth £234,000, and two years later Mir Jafar bestowed upon Clive a jagir, a grant of land revenue worth around £27,000 a year to the holder. This only encouraged others to follow Clive's example, and the rapacious activities of those in Bengal began to attract attention from those in Britain who were becoming increasingly uneasy about the ill-gotten gains being obtained by the Company servants or 'nabobs'. Indeed, for the rest of his life Clive had to fight hard to preserve both his reputation and jagir. Following the battle of Plassey, Clive became chairman of an ad hoc governing council newly established in Calcutta, but in November 1757 he received news of his formal appointment as governor of the Presidency of Bengal. He spent his period as governor consolidating and extending the Company's power in Bengal, and he endeavoured to eliminate the remaining threat posed by the French and Dutch, as in November 1759 when he sanctioned the destruction of a Dutch force that was seeking to reinforce the settlement of Chinsura, just to the north of Calcutta. At the same time, and unlike many of his contemporaries, he began to give consideration to the Company's long-term future, and in a much-quoted letter written to the Prime Minister, William Pitt, he famously declared that the state should intervene in India to take control of possessions that had become too large to be managed by a private trading company. Yet while Clive achieved many of his aims as governor, he began to become embroiled in a series of bitter and long-lasting disputes, not only with those around him in Bengal but also with his employers, the directors of the East India Company. Always prickly and swift to take offence, Clive believed that many of those at the Company's headquarters at East India House in London had been slow to endorse his appointment as governor of Bengal, and he also felt that he was being thwarted in his ambitions by men who did not share his view of how the Company's empire should be developed. From this time onwards, he retained a poor opinion of those directors who were not members of his own personal following, and in particular he came to regard the able director Laurence Sulivan as a great and very dangerous rival. The two men embarked on a lengthy political struggle to secure personal control over the Company and, recognising the need for him to confront his political opponents, Clive decided to return to Britain. As a result, in February 1760 he and his wife again set sail for London. Once more Clive received a hero's welcome as well as numerous official honours when he arrived in Britain, but he was bitterly disappointed by his failure to secure a peerage. Instead he received an Irish barony in March 1762, and, although two years later he was made Knight of the Bath, he harboured the belief that he had been snubbed by the establishment. Much embittered on several counts, Clive devoted himself to politics, not least because he had to defend himself against the charge that his jagir had been obtained against the Company's best interests. Although he eventually managed to have his right to the jagir confirmed and then extended for ten years, this deeply contentious issue fed into the ongoing struggle for control of the Company that was being conducted between Clive and Sulivan. As a result, events at East India House regularly captured public attention and held the centre of the national political stage, and Clive became embroiled in a savage war of propaganda during the course of which increasingly lurid claims and counter-claims about his conduct in India were traded in newspapers and pamphlets. Clive again sought to enter the House of Commons and, thanks largely to the preparatory efforts of his father, he was elected without a contest as MP for Shrewsbury in April 1761. Together with his father (MP for Montgomery since 1759) and John Walsh a close Company friend who was MP for Worcester, he built up a small group of supporters who were useful allies in the factional struggles that dominated parliamentary politics during the 1760s. Clive initially supported the Duke of Newcastle (who had obtained his barony for him), but he then allied his group with George Grenville, Prime Minister 1763-5, in return for assistance with the campaign to secure the jagir. Clive was still troubled by ill-health and when not involved in politics he lived in a state of semi-retirement, often at Bath. With Margaret he displayed great enthusiasm for concerts, operas, and plays; and, armed with a fortune of around £300,000, he began to accumulate the possessions and property that were necessary to consolidate his political and social position. In particular, he acquired a number of substantial new properties, including a modest Irish estate which was swiftly renamed to mark his greatest triumph, thus enabling him to use the vainglorious title Baron Clive of Plassey. In Shropshire he bought Lord Montfort's 7,500 acre estate for £70,000 in 1761, and two years later he purchased the nearby 6,000 acre Walcot estate and house for £92,000 in 1763. A fashionable town house in Berkeley Square in London was rented from Lord Ancram, prior to eventual acquisition for £10,500. By early 1764 he was firmly secure in both a political and material sense but the arrival in London of news of several serious military setbacks experienced by the Company at the hands of Indian forces led to loud calls being made for his re-appointment as governor of Bengal and commander-in-chief of the army. Clive very effectively took political advantage of the situation in order to assert his supremacy over Sulivan and secure his jagir, before he accepted the task of restoring the Company's fortunes. Clive was charged with settling external relations with Indian powers, but he was also required to bring order to the Company's confused and corrupt internal affairs in Bengal. He needed to regulate the private trading activity of Company servants, which had been a cause of conflict, drawing the Company into war with local rulers. Furthermore, and most controversially in view of his own earlier actions, he aimed to prohibit the taking of 'presents' by Company servants. In his own words, he sought to clean out 'an Augean stable' in Bengal; but many contemporaries could not accept such high-minded sentiments in view of the fact that they considered him to have been the author of the problem in the first place. It was anticipated that Clive would meet stiff resistance from disaffected Company servants in Calcutta, and thus a new five-man Select Committee was established and empowered to overrule the Bengal Council whenever necessary. On this occasion Clive travelled without his wife and children, and he set sail for India on 4 June 1764.
Clive, who once more experienced an unusually long voyage, reached Bengal on 3 May 1765, but by the time of his arrival the Company's earlier military setbacks had been reversed, largely as a result of victory at the battle of Bhaksar, fought on 22 October 1764, when Hector Munro had secured a decisive victory over the combined armies of Mir Kasim, Shuja-ud-daula, the wazir of Awadh, and Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor. There seemed every prospect that the Company might extend its influence across northern India, but Clive firmly rejected expansionist schemes, preferring instead to consolidate the Company's economic and political position in Bengal. As a result, the Treaty of Allahabad, signed by Clive on 12 August 1765, contained a settlement which, among other things, saw the imperial authority of Shah Alam acknowledged by the British. In return for military support and an annual payment of 26 lakhs of rupees (£300,000) to the Emperor, the Company was granted the lucrative office of diwan or revenue collector in the Mughal provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. This gave the British direct access to the considerable wealth of Bengal which in the long run promised to sustain the growth of their ever-growing armed forces as well as fund an increase in the annual investment in commodities for export to Britain and China. The nawab retained responsibility for some functions of government, but Company officials closely monitored the collection of revenues. This apparent division of administrative responsibilities in Bengal gave rise to what became known as Clive's 'dual system' of government, but the reality of the situation was that his settlement had left the nawab almost entirely dependent upon the Company. Clive's second governorship of Bengal was characterised by rigorous, wide-ranging reform, and perhaps inevitably his uncompromising methods made him inveterate enemies among senior Company officials. Many were suspended or chose to resign, and men such as John Johnstone and Ralph Leycester returned to Britain in order to orchestrate political campaigns motivated by a deep desire to seek revenge on Clive. Popular resentment against the governor was fuelled further when, following instructions from London, he began to regulate the private-trading activity of Company employees. The creation of a monopolistic Society of Trade in 1765 was intended to eliminate abuses in the inland trade in betel nut, tobacco, and salt in the hope that local people would no longer suffer from extortion at the hands of unscrupulous private British traders. But to those in the lower echelons who were now prohibited from engaging in private trade, it appeared that Clive and his favourites were profiting from shares in the new monopoly scheme, and their suspicions appeared to be confirmed when the directors ordered the abolition of the Society of Trade in 1766. Finally, Clive set about reorganising and re-deploying the Company's army in an attempt to meet a new set of defensive priorities, but when he set about rationalising pay and field allowances he encountered stiff resistance from officers who believed that their financial position had already been undermined by the restrictions imposed upon private trade. During the early months of 1766 Sir Robert Fletcher, commander of a brigade stationed at Monghyr, organised a campaign of protest against the reforms, and he reported that junior officers were threatening to resign their commissions rather than accept new terms and conditions. Backed by officers brought in from Madras, Clive tackled this dangerous problem head-on when he travelled to confront the mutineers at Monghyr on 15 May. He successfully made a direct appeal to the loyalty of the Company's European and Indian troops and then reinstated most of the rebellious officers, with one notable exception being Fletcher who was court-martialled and cashiered. This bold action calmed a volatile situation, and a threat of a mutiny by the officers was contained and then extinguished, but Clive had again antagonised many who were added to the very powerful coalition of the disaffected that was being ranged against him in London as well as India. Clive's time as governor was devoted to politics and administration, and in a hostile climate, he could not be seen to be profiting from present-taking or private trade. Consequently he gave away large sums of money to his friends, and a substantial bequest of five lakhs of rupees made to him in Mir Jafar's will was used to establish a fund intended to provide financial relief for disabled or impoverished Company soldiers. Clive later claimed not to have made a single farthing of personal profit during his second governorship, but he was still able to remit home over £160,000, a sum arising from arrears in jagir payments together with the final settlement of his Indian affairs. But the successes that had been rounded off by Clive's political settlement in Bengal had a profound effect upon perceptions of the Company in Britain, and when news of the acquisition of the diwani was received in London in April 1766, financial speculators began to take a close interest in the stock of the East India Company. Clive himself had fuelled this increasingly frenzied activity by writing to friends in Britain advising them to buy Company stock, and he ordered his own London attorneys to make substantial purchases on his behalf. Clive thus kept his purchases of stock hidden from public gaze but by the beginning of 1767 he owned £75,000, and he was able to benefit from healthy sale returns as the price climbed ever-upwards. His use of inside knowledge demonstrated once again his voracious appetite for profit, but despite the damage that was inflicted upon the Company's finances by his self-serving actions he later robustly denied any wrong doing when his stock market transactions were scrutinised by a House of Commons committee of inquiry.
During the early part of 1766 Clive continued to be active in his reform of the Company's affairs, but in the autumn he once more became the victim of an acute nervous and physical disorder. He found some relief in large doses of opium but was largely incapacitated and, after making a slight recovery, he left India for the last time on 29 January 1767. On his arrival in London in July 1767 Clive estimated that his personal fortune now stood at just over £400,000 but the extent of this private wealth was now widely condemned and, together with criticism of his governorship of Bengal, this forced him onto the defensive. At the same time the East India Company had just been subjected to the first parliamentary inquiry into its affairs, and much attention had been focused on recent developments in Bengal. Upon his return to Britain, Clive at first sought to rise above parliamentary and Company politics by adopting a role as special advisor to the nation on Indian affairs, but this proved impossible in view of sustained attacks that were made upon him by a wide range of opponents at Westminster and East India House. Indeed, an eight-month recuperative sojourn in France did not prevent Clive and his representatives playing a prominent part in the General Election of 1768 as they endeavoured to increase the size of Clive's following in the House of Commons. An aggressive electoral strategy was based upon estate purchases in Shropshire and Monmouthshire, but heavy expenditure was not matched by results and only three members were added to Clive's small faction in the Commons. Clive himself was returned as MP for Shrewsbury in the face of a stern challenge from John Johnstone's brother, William Pulteney. Once elected, Clive did not involve himself greatly in parliamentary politics, but in his maiden speech on 27 February 1769 he outlined his view of recent events in India and advocated fundamental reform of the Company. His plans were not well received by the directors of the Company, and thus once more he endeavoured to establish influence in the Company's General Court of Proprietors as well as the Court of Directors. This involvement in the internal politics of East India House became all the more necessary because increasingly concerted efforts were being made to damage Clive's reputation and deprive him of his jagir, and in addition to spending heavily on Company electioneering he was obliged to devote much time to building alliances with influential Company directors such as Sir George Colebrooke. here was no outright victor in the struggle to control the East India Company that occurred during the late-1760s, but Clive entered the next decade weakened by the death of key supporters such as his father, George Grenville, and his former aide-de-camp Luke Scrafton. He was forced on to the defensive by a series of legal and literary attacks that were made upon him, and, against a background provided by severe famine in Bengal, public demands for further inquiry into the affairs of the Company obliged the government of Lord North to take up the East Indian problem. When on 30 March 1772 it became clear that many MPs were not prepared to discuss reform without a thorough review of the Company's recent history, Clive took the opportunity to offer a lengthy and robust defence of his conduct in Bengal. His speech was widely admired, but the House of Commons nonetheless eventually agreed to establish a Select Committee of Inquiry under the chairmanship of John Burgoyne. The inquiry gave detailed consideration to events in Bengal since 1756 and Clive and his associates were given a fair hearing, although the thoroughness of his own examination led Clive famously to complain that he had been treated like a 'sheep stealer'. It was during these proceedings that Clive, when recalling the riches offered to him by Mir Jafar in 1757, made his equally famous remark, 'Mr Chairman, at this moment I stand astonished at my own moderation!' As Clive struggled in the Commons to preserve his reputation and private fortune during the summer and autumn of 1772, the East India Company plunged deeper into a financial crisis which, contrary to all expectations, had followed in the wake of the conquest of Bengal. Charged with incompetence and mismanagement of an important national asset, and as a prelude to institutional reform, the Company was subject to a second inquiry, this time by a Secret Committee of the House of Commons. Thus two inquires proceeded in parallel and by the following May the political temperature of East Indian affairs had reached new heights. It was at this moment that John Burgoyne, chairman of the Select Committee, decided to mount an attack upon Clive and other 'nabobs' by listing the crimes perpetrated by Company servants, and on 10 May he made three motions in the Commons, two of which condemned present-taking and the appropriation of money by the authorities in Bengal. Burgoyne later indicated that he would make a further motion declaring that Clive had illegally acquired £234,000 after the battle of Plassey. When he did so on 19 May Clive's supporters mounted an able defence of his conduct, and Clive himself spoke for over an hour in order to justify his actions. Two days later, during one of the great set-piece occasions in British parliamentary history, Clive concluded a further short impassioned speech with the words 'leave me my honour, take away my fortune' and he then made a dramatic exit from the House, leaving the debate on Burgoyne's motion to continue without him. Together with effective political management, Clive's speech served to swing a majority in the chamber against Burgoyne, and the House eventually resolved that although Clive had received £234,000 in 1757 he had not abused his powers. Indeed, Clive's principal supporter, Alexander Wedderburn then swiftly took advantage of the changing mood by making a motion that 'Robert Clive did at the same time render great and meritorious service to this country', and members assented to this almost unanimously during the early hours of the morning. In the end, the defence of Clive proved to be so successful that his reputation was enhanced just when many were assuming that he would be humiliated. Many critics believed that Clive had simply bought his way out of trouble, but this was not the case; and he was certainly not a broken man who now withdrew from public life, as some historians have suggested. He continued to play an active part in East Indian politics; took part in the debates that accompanied passage of various parliamentary bills that were to reform the East India Company; and advised some of those who were appointed as members of the newly established Supreme Council of Bengal. Then much of the winter of 1773-4 was spent in Italy in the company of several companions, a primary purpose of the trip being to procure works of art for his house at Claremont, Surrey which had been purchased for £25,000 in 1769 and completely redeveloped at a further cost of £30,000. Clive spent the summer of 1774 in Shropshire where guests were entertained and plans were laid for the forthcoming General Election, but in early November he became badly afflicted by a severe cold. Seeking relief, he travelled first to Bath to take the waters and then moved on to London, by which time his old ailments had returned with a vengeance. As ever, large doses of opium brought some respite but on 22 November he abruptly abandoned a game of cards and soon after was found dead on the floor of an adjoining room. It was widely assumed by contemporaries, and later by historians, that Clive had committed suicide in order to escape from relentless acute pain, but the evidence in fact indicates that, having taken an excessively large dose of opium, he suffered some form of fatal seizure. Certainly the arrangements for his funeral do not suggest death by suicide, and he was buried at Moreton Say, Shropshire on 30 November 1774. At the time of his death, his wealth stood at over £500,000. The scope, significance, and research possibilities of the collection The rich and enormously varied material contained in this microfilm collection is of the greatest significance to historians of early British imperialism because Clive's position at the very heart of East India Company affairs means that his outgoing letters and papers provide penetrating insights into the general processes and landmark events that underpinned the creation of Britain's territorial empire in India. Understandably, it is because of this that the official political and military papers in the collection have always attracted interest from historians; and indeed, from the time of Malcolm, onwards biographers have paid close attention to the large number of original letter books, notebooks, and minutes now to be found in that part of the archive entitled official correspondence, 1752-1774 (CR), which in particular contains very detailed information on the recapture of Calcutta, the taking of Chandernagore, and the Battle of Plassey in 1757, together with the subsequent settlement and division of the spoils (CR1/1-8). There are also copious letter books relating to Clive's first governorship of Bengal (CR1/9-11); his second governorship of 1765-7 (CR2, 3, 10); and his political activities in Britain following his final return home in 1767(CR4-6). Most of the letters in CR were written by Clive or his secretaries to a very wide circle of correspondents in Britain and India, and the intended recipients ranged from members of his family and inner circle through to Prime Ministers and other leading politicians of the day. Accordingly, the letters not only reveal much about the evolution of Clive's attitudes, outlook, and thought processes during episodes of the first importance, but also indicate how he subsequently put a gloss on events and promoted himself and his achievements to people in key positions of influence. It should not be thought, however, that historians have wholly exhausted the possibilities offered by study of the letters in CR. In a general sense, there is considerable scope for an examination of the core ideas behind Clive's military, political, and administrative actions; while more specifically there is much that could be derived from systematic analysis of how he developed and conducted relations with different types of correspondent. Such analysis could be based upon examination of the letter books themselves as well as the several lists, registers, and summaries of letters received by Clive (e.g. CR7, CR8).>/p> Beyond outgoing correspondence, CR also contains several series of letters received by Clive, and these include 'country correspondence' from Indian rulers. Some of these letters were translated at the time, and then organised as 'minutes' (CR11), but also to be found in the collection are a thousand or so original letters written in Persian (CR9). The contents of this important series has only very recently been listed and described, and close study should enable a fuller understanding to be gained of Clive's personal and political relationships with a host of Indian correspondents. Also to be found in Clive's personal papers, 1739-1775 (R)) are letters written to Clive from London by his wife Margaret and son Edward during his second governorship of Bengal between 1765 and 1767 (R3/2); and to Clive by Margaret from Europe in 1768 following Clive's early return home from his tour of the Continent (R3/4). These letters, which originally formed part of the small supplementary collection deposited by the Powis family at the National Library of Wales in 1990, reveal much about the inner private and social life of the Clive family, and the gossip and chit-chat of Lady Clive offers a fascinating insight into the lifestyle and outlook of the woman who in effect was the first lady of British India. Over the years, comparatively little attention has been paid to the materials that lie beyond the series in CR, but these in fact offer many possibilities to the researcher. For example, in 1763-4 Clive ordered that transcripts be made of the official and private correspondence he had conducted between 1756 and 1760, and Contemporary Transcripts, 1763-1764 (CC) contains much on his first term as Governor that is not to be found in CR. Especially important are the accounts and papers to be found inFinancial Papers, 1752-1774 (CF) together with supplementary financial papers in Miscellaneous papers, 1742-1773 (R3), because they enable a full picture to be built up of Clive's complex financial activities between 1755 and 1774. The forty-nine account books and ledgers, together with one bundle of financial papers, in F are not always easy to comprehend and piece together, but nevertheless they represent a rich source for investigation of specific transactions such as the purchase of diamonds, remittance of monies to London, expenditure on elections, investment in East India stock, and so on. Since Clive always sought to conceal his financial affairs from external scrutiny, this source enables the historian to test many of the claims that Clive made in public about the acquisition of his substantial private fortune. The task of reconstructing Clive's finances is also facilitated by the Attorneys' papers, 1764-1768 (A), which contain detailed proceedings and correspondence of the attorneys who were appointed to manage his domestic financial concerns when he was absent from Britain during his second term as governor of Bengal between 1765 and 1767. The attorneys – Lady Clive, Richard Clive, George Clive, Henry Clive, John Kelsall, and John Walsh – were assiduous in the attention they paid to Clive's financial interests; and in particular they went to great length to conceal from public view the extensive purchases of East India stock he ordered to be made following the East India Company's acquisition of the diwani in 1765. Exhaustive evidence of Clive's translation of his vast fortune into a domestic empire of property and possessions may be derived from his records for Estate Administration, 1761-1780 (E), which provide details of the administration and finances of his estates in Ireland, England, and Wales. Analysis of this information promises to throw much light on the filtering down of East Indian wealth into local economies and societies, and in particular detailed case-studies can be undertaken of the management and improvement of Clive's estates at Usk/Trelleck (Monmouthshire), Okehampton (Devon), Claremont (Surrey), and Walcot, Montfort and Oakly (Shropshire). In the same vein, the collection offers much scope for building up a richly illustrated picture of other manifestations of Clive's material wealth and conspicuous consumption. The household and personal account books,Household management, 1755-1781 (H), detail his outgoings on clothing, furniture, accessories, food, and wine, and they include a series of inventories (H11 and H12) which describe and value the furnishings and other contents of Clive's homes in Berkeley Square and elsewhere. Further inventories and lists of personal belongings form part of Clive's Trustees'/Executors' papers, 1774-1791 (T), and, together with a series of miscellaneous Personal papers, 1742-1755 (R), these colour the picture of the man even further by detailing his collections of books, poems, manuscripts, curiosities, and works of art. Through his increasingly voracious acquisition and collection of possessions, we can follow Clive as he sought to secure a position for himself and his family in landed society, but the household accounts (H) also document routine day-to-day expenditure, and this enables us to map Clive's movements in polite society by identifying the concerts, plays, and balls he attended, as well as the places and people he visited. Finally, the collection is noteworthy for the large number of miscellaneous official and semi-official records it contains. Much paper crossed Clive's desk during the course of his career and, as was the way in the eighteenth century, he retained possession of many original documents as well as copies when he returned to Britain. See, for example, East India Company records, 1752-1772 (CD); Papers of the Calcutta council and its committtees, 1757-1768 (CSA) and Records of the Calcutta mayor's court, [c.1765]-1766(CSB). In order to inform his decision-making and planning, Clive assembled information and statistics, most notably on the military and financial affairs of the Company, and consequently the collection contains material of a miscellaneous nature that can inform discussion of themes relating to the general history of the British in India during the mid-eighteenth century (see, for example, Military administarion of Bengal papers, [c.1750s]-1771 (CB), which contains several important returns on the Bengal army). Clive also thought it prudent to arm himself with as much information as possible about the various legal disputes that so preoccupied him during the last years of his life. Thus the collection contains a series of papers related to Clive's all-important Jagir papers, 1758-1767 (CE), which includes the original grant), and there is much material in Parliamentary enquiry papers, 1772-1773 (P2), which he assembled as he organised his defence against the allegations of misconduct that were made against him in the House of Commons. A bibliographical note It is sometimes claimed that more biographies have been written about Clive than any other figure in British imperial history. This might well be so, but it has to be said that many of these biographies are of a poor standard, either being of a hagiographic nature or simply recycling some of the more lurid unsubstantiated tales that have been spun about Clive's life. The best modern life of Clive is M. Bence-Jones, Clive of India (1974), while honourable mentions should go to G. Forrest, The life of Lord Clive (2 vols, 1913); A.M. Davies, Clive of Plassey: a biography (1939); and P. Spear, Master of Bengal: Clive and his India (1975). For a reasonably detailed recent account of Clive's life see H.V. Bowen 'Clive, Robert, first Baron Clive of Plassey (1725-1774)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Quite understandably most of these biographies focus on Clive's time in India, but over the last couple of decades historians have begun to devote more attention to his domestic activities. Hence, for Clive's involvement in East Indian politics see B. Lenman and P. Lawson, 'Clive, the “black jagir”, and British politics', Historical Journal, 26 (1983); for his hidden stock market activity see H.V. Bowen, 'Lord Clive and speculation in East India Company stock, 1766', Historical Journal, 30 (1987); and for his collecting of estates, artefacts, and works of art see Maya Jasanoff, Conquest and collecting in the East, 1750-1850 (2006). For a richly illustrated guide to Clive's collection of Indian objects see M. Archer, C. Rowell, and R. Skelton, Treasures from India: the Clive collection at Powis Castle (1987). For a brief discussion of the problems caused when Sir John Malcolm's transcripts were absorbed back into the Clive papers held by the Powis family prior to their eventual deposit at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth, see H.V. Bowen, 'The Clive papers at the National Library of Wales: a cautionary note', The National Library of Wales Journal, XXIV (1985). Composed 2007. _______________ The Indian correspondence of Brigadier-General John Carnac
Carnac's career in India John Carnac joined the army of the East India Company (EIC) with the rank of Captain in 1758, after seeing almost twenty years service with the 39th infantry regiment of the British Army from 1739 to 1757. Between 1760 and 1761, as Commander-in-Chief of the Company's forces, he fought and ultimately defeated the French-supported forces of the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II, near Bihar. Made Brigadier-General in 1764, Carnac again assumed the command of the Company's army, defeating the Marathas in 1765 before handing control back later that year to Robert Clive. From 1776 to 1779 he was a member of the EIC's Council in Bombay and of the Superintending Committee on the expedition against Poona in 1778. He was dismissed from the East India Company for his part in the Treaty of Wadgaon in 1779, under the terms of which the Company relinquished control over all lands gained during the previous four years. Despite this, Carnac remained in India until his death at Mangalore in November 1800, aged eighty-four. Carnac's career in India With one exception dated 1769, the correspondence focuses on the earlier period of Carnac's career in north eastern India, from 1760 to 1767. This was a period of major political change, with a succession of four different nawabs in Bengal and a change of Mughal Emperor in Delhi. The collection comprises some 2,000 items of correspondence, chiefly in English including a small number of letters in Persian and one in Bengali script. Its emphasis on the years between 1763 and 1766 complements The papers of Clive of India, also from the National Library of Wales and published in the Records of the Raj series. It therefore helps to fill the gap on events in those papers during Clive's absence from India between March 1760 and April 1765; events such as the 3rd Battle of Panipat on 14 January 1761 between the Marathas and the Rohillas, or the Battle of Buxar in October 1764, at which the East India Company forces under the command of Hector Munro defeated the combined armies of the nawabs of Awadh and Bengal, Shuja-ud-Daula and Mir Qasim, and of the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. A detailed account of the build-up of combined force in advance of the battle during the summer of 1764 appears as a covering note to a bundle of secret letters in Persian (series 5/7), in which Shah Alam II ostensibly asks for Carnac's advice on how to tackle the 'unfaithful' Mir Qasim after he had been deposed, and Mir Jafar reinstated on 8 July 1763, as Nawab of Bengal. At the same time, the collection serves to amplify our understanding of Clive's third and final tour of duty, by providing the opportunity to contrast how two senior British figures set about implementing the East India Company's new approach, combining commercial with growing political power. One notable example is the Treaty of Allahabad, concluded on 16 August 1765 between Shah Alam II and Clive, in which the Company was granted the diwani, or revenue collection rights, of Bengal, Orissa and Bihar in return for an annual tribute of 26 lakh rupees. Provenance of the correspondence This collection of original correspondence was deposited at the National Library of Wales in 1990 as part of the Powis Castle estate archive: it was subsequently purchased along with the papers of Robert Clive by the Library in 1996. While the friendship that existed between Carnac and Clive, exactly how the correspondence came into the latter's possession is unknown. Perhaps the most likely explanation, given the period covered by the letters, is that Carnac had been required to submit his letters for inspection by the Select Committee of which Clive, as the East India Company's then Governor in Bengal, was ex officio a member. Indeed, there is ample evidence within Clive's own papers that copies of correspondence were made for submission to the Board of Directors, for example. Like the so-called 'First Series' of the Clive papers from the main Powis Estate archive, Carnac's other papers for the period 1756-1767 from the Sutton Court collection are now to be found among the India Office records (Mss. Eur. F128/1-92) in the British Library. These include a number of letter books, close examination of which would surely help in dating the undated items in Series 10/1-3 of the present collection. _______________ Contents list of the The Indian papers of Colonel Clive and Brigadier-General Carnac, 1752-1774 Online Collection CR: Clive's Original correspondence, 1752-1774 CR1: Letter books of general letters to Europe and within India, 1756-1759 CR2: Country letter books, 1765-1767 CR4: Letter books of letters from England to various individuals, 1767-1774 CR5: Letter books of letters from England to East India Company directors, 1767-1774 CR6: Letter books of letters from England to India, 1767-1773 CR7: Index/list of correspondence, 1765-1767 CR8: Register of country correspondence received and sent, 1756-1758 CR9: Letters in Persian, 1756-1774 CR10: Notebook of letters sent within India, 1765 CR11: Minutes of country correspondence, 1766 CR12: Miscellaneous correspondence, 1752-[mid-20 cent] CC: Clive's Contemporary transcripts, 1763 (relating to correspondence, 1752-1760) CC1: Contemporary transcripts of private letters, 1763 CF: Clive's India Financial Papers, 1752-1774 CF1: Journals of India accounts, 1757-1759 CF2: Journals of general accounts England and India, 1763-1774 CF3: Journals of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766 CF4: Contemporary copy journals of India accounts, 1757-1758 CF5: Draft journals of general accounts England and India, 1764, 1769-1774 CF6: Ledgers of diamond accounts, 1755-1757 CF7: Ledgers of India accounts, 1757-1759 CF8: Ledgers of general accounts England and India, 1763-1774 CF9: Ledgers of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766 CF10: Contemporary copy ledger of India accounts, 1757-1758 CF11: Account books of India accounts, 1759-1760 CF12: Cash books of general accounts England, 1763-1764 CF13: Cash book of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766 CF14: Miscellaneous cash accounts book, 1756-1763 CF16: Bundle of India current accounts, 1752-1758 CA: Clive's Civil administration of Bengal papers, 1758-1766 CA1: Revenue accounts and reports, 1758, 1765-1766 CA2: East India Company establishment and non-establishment lists, 1766 CA3: India currency reform and trade, [c.1764]-1766 CB: Clive's Military administration of Bengal [c.1750s]-1771 CB1: Army returns: companies and casualties, [c.1750s], 1760, 1764-1767 CB2: Army returns: Fort William and Bengal generally, 1765-1767 CB3: Establishment lists, 1763, [c.1765] CB4: Regulations and general orders, [c.1766] CB5: Bengal military campaigns, 1756, 1764 CB6: Miscellaneous military papers, [1750s]-1771 CSA: Clive's Papers of the Calcutta Council and its committees, 1757-1768 CSA1: Consultations of the council, 1765 CSA2: Index to council consultations, 1766 CSA3: Proceedings of the council, 1768 CSA4: Proceedings of the select committee, 1765 CSA5: Proceedings of the committee of inspection, 1766 CSB: Clive's Records of the Calcutta mayor's court, [c.1765]-1766 CSB1: East Indies courts of justice charter, [c.1765] CSB2: Proceedings of the mayor's court, 1766 CD: Clive's East India Company records, 1752-1772 CD1: Charters, [c.1753-c.1758] CD2: Treaties, farmans and agreements, [c.1757], [post-1765, Sept] CD3: Company account books, 1767-1770 CE: Clive's Jagir papers, 1758-1767 CE1: Jagir grant and related papers, 1758-1761 CE3: Jagir correspondence, 1767 CG: Clive's Acquired India papers, 1727-[c.1763] CG1: Journals of Henry Harnett, 1727-1729 CG2: Ledgers of Henry Harnett, 1727 CG3: JVoyage journal of Henry Doidge and others, 1757-1759 CG4: Papers of William Dobbins, [c.1760-c.1763] « Back to topThe Indian correspondence of Brigadier-General John Carnac Series 1/1: 1760, October 3-December 12 Series 2/1: 1761, January 5-30 Series 2/2: 1761, February 8-28 Series 2/8: 1761, August 28-December 23 Series 4/1: 1763, February 12-March 11 Series 4/6: 1763, September 1-30 Series 4/7: 1763, October 2-30 Series 4/8: 1763, November 1-29 Series 4/9: 1763, December 1-31 Series 5/1: 1764, January 1-25 Series 5/2: 1764, February 1-28 Series 5/9: 1764, September 7-23 Series 5/10: 1764, October 11-20 Series 5/11: 1764, November 10-29 Series 5/12: 1764, December 6-30 Series 6/1: 1765, January 1-30 Series 6/2: 1765, February 2-15 Series 6/3: 1765, February 16-28 Series 6/15: 1765, August 1-30 Series 6/16: 1765, September 1-31 Series 6/17: 1765, October 1-29 Series 6/18: 1765, November 6-30 Series 6/19: 1765, December 2-31 Series 7/1: 1766, January 3-30 Series 7/2: 1766, February 1-28 Series 7/9: 1766, September 1-30 Series 7/10: 1766, October 1-31 Series 7/11: 1766, November 1-28 Series 7/12: 1766, December 1-30 Series 8/1: 1767, January 1-May 10 Series 10/1: Undated correspondence, [1760-1767] Series 10/2: Undated correspondence, [1760-1767] Series 10/3: Undated correspondence, [1760-1767] « Back to topE: Clive's Estate administration, 1761-1780 EC: Usk/Trelleck estate, 1767-1772 ED: Okehampton estate, [pre-1767], 1771-1778 EC: Claremont estate, 1771-1780 EL: Leigh, Montford and Oakly Park estates, 1761-1773 H: Clive's Household management papers, 1755-1775 H1: General household and personal account books, 1760-1764 H2: Clothing account book, 1760-1761 H3: Furnishings/fittings account book, 1760-1761 H4: Condover household account book, 1762-1763 H5: Westcomb household account book, 1769 H6: General household and travel account book, 1771-1773 H7: Journals of house-stewards' books, 1767-1768 H8: Ledger of house-stewards' books, 1767-1768 H9: Ledgers of Edward Crisp's cash accounts with Lord Clive, 1767-1774 H11: Household memoranda of Clive's French tour, 1768 H12: Inventories of Berkeley Square and other properties, 1760, [c.1770] H13: Miscellaneous papers, 1755-[c.1770] P: Clive's Political papers, 1764-1775 P2: Parliamentary enquiry papers, 1772-1773 P3: Miscellaneous political papers, 1764-1769 A: Clive's Attorneys' papers, 1764-1768 A3: Miscellaneous papers, [c.1765]-1767 T: Clive's Executors' papers, 1774-1796 T1: Rough proceedings/minutes, 1774-1796 T6: Estimate of monthly receipts and disbursements, 1775 T7: Inventories, [c.1769]-1781 T8: Catalogues of libraries, 1774-1776 R: Clive's Personal papers, 1742-1775 R1: Library catalogues/lists, 1769-1775 R2: Poems, plays and manuscripts, [c.1760-c.1772] R3: Personal correspondence, 1760-1768 R4: Miscellaneous papers, 1742-1773 R5: Acquired papers, 1739-1772 « Back to top_______________ NATIONAL LIBRARY OF WALES' CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION Title: Robert Clive Papers Dates of creation: 1727-[mid-20 cent.] Hierarchical level: Fonds Admin/biog. history: Robert Clive, governor of Bengal, was the eldest son of Richard Clive of Styche, Shropshire. He was born on 29 September 1725. In 1743 he was appointed a writer with the East India Company at Madras. He proved to be a quarrelsome colleague and suffered from 'melancholy' which was to plague him for most of his life. During his early years in Madras he twice attempted suicide and fought a duel. The outbreak of hostilities between Britain and France in southern India enabled him to reveal hitherto unsuspected military talent. By the end of his first period in India he had proved himself a guerrilla commander of genius: he had also amassed a considerable fortune, having been appointed a commissary for the supply of provisions to the troops in 1749. During his first stay in India he married Margaret Maskeleyne, daughter of Edmund Maskeleyne of Purton in Wiltshire. After unsuccessfully standing for Parliament he was sent out again to India in 1755 as governor of Fort St. David with the reversion of the governorship of Madras. On his arrival in 1756 he almost immediately became involved with the affairs of Bengal which was ruled by the Mogul viceroys, and under whose protection the East India Company carried on its trade. The new nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula, took Calcutta and Clive set out to relieve the city in October 1756, which he took in January 1757. Instead of returning to Madras he eliminated the French settlement of Chandernagore and installed Mir Jafar as nawab in place of the hostile Siraj-ud-Daula who was decisively defeated at the Battle of Plassey in June 1757. His first governorship of Bengal lasted until February 1760 by which time Mir Jafar's authority was unchallenged in Bengal and Bihar. Clive had also become a very wealthy man. He had received £234, 000, a Mogul title and an estate or jagir worth about £30,000 a year. On his return to Britain he was created Baron Clive of Plassey in 1762, knighted in 1764 and also entered parliament as MP for Shrewsbury from 1760 to 1774. He also purchased extensive estates mainly in Shropshire, including Montford near Shrewsbury, in 1761, Walcot, near Bishop's Castle, in 1763, and Oakly Park in 1771. Clive returned for his third and last stay in India in 1765 and became governor of Bengal for the second time. His services in Bengal were required because Mir Jafar had been ousted by Mir Qasim who in turn had been deposed in 1763. Shah Alam, the Mogul emperor, attacked again and the East India Company seemed to be on the verge of extinction. It was during this, his second governorship of Bengal, that his claim as a statesman rests. The Mogul emperor was pacified; Bengal was settled with a grant by the Mogul of the revenue administration or diwani of Bengal to the East India Company which gave the company legal authority to collect the revenues of Bengal and Bihar; the East India Company was reformed and the instincts of its officers for plunder curtailed, if only for a while, and military discipline restored. Clive left India for the last time in February 1767. Soon after his return his enemies, returned nabobs and politicians, attacked him and tried to blame him as the instigator of corruption amongst the servants of the East India Company. He defended himself vigorously and successfully in parliament in 1772. However, the strain on his health proved too much. Already addicted to opium, he committed suicide at his house in London on 22 November 1774. He had several children. His eldest son and successor, Edward Clive, was created Earl of Powis in 1804. Source of acquisition: Deposited, as part of a larger deposit of estate and family papers of Clive's descendants, the earls of Powis, in the 1940s, to which a second, smaller, group was added in January 1990. Both were subsequently purchased from the Earl of Powis in January 1996. Custodial history: Clive's papers were originally held in their entirety at Powis Castle together with the records of the Powis estate, (presumably the papers were brought from Clive's various houses and estates to Powis Castle during the late eighteenth century). Part of his archive was loaned by his son Edward to Clive's biographer, Sir John Malcolm, who made extensive transcripts during his governorship of Bombay, 1827-1830. How much of Clive's papers Malcolm took with him is unclear. The papers loaned to Malcolm were returned sometime after the biography was completed in 1836 (by an anonymous author, Malcolm having died in 1833). Thereafter the transcripts became so inextricably confused with Clive's own papers that it was not until 1985 that the historian, Huw Bowen, realised that earlier researchers had used the transcripts in the mistaken belief that they were originals. Malcolm's transcripts were removed from Clive's papers by NLW in 1999 and are now listed as a separate archive. Most of Clive's incoming letters were transferred from Powis Castle to the British Library, whilst NLW acquired his copy outgoing letters, Indian financial papers and some estate and personal papers. Scope and content: Papers, 1727-[mid-20 cent], of Robert Clive, 1st Lord Clive ('Clive of India') relating to both his public and private life but mostly to the former. They include papers relating to his service in India comprising letter books of outgoing letters sent from both England and India, 1752-1774, which reflect his continuing interest in the affairs of the East India Company and India after his final departure form there in 1767; records relating to his official duties in India, particularly as governor of Bengal, including records he acquired of earlier East India Company employees, 1727-1772; financial records, mainly relating to his financial concerns in India, 1752-1774; estate and household records, 1761-1781; political papers, including canvassing lists and poll books, [c.1761]-1775; personal papers, 1742-1775, and records of Clive's trustees and executors, 1774-1796. Accruals: None expected. Arrangement: The papers are arranged into the following groups: India service papers, 1727-1772, papers relating to the administration of Clive's estates, 1762-1780, papers relating to the management of his households, 1775-1781, political papers, [c.1761]-1775, papers of Clive's attorneys, 1764-1768, papers of his executors, 1774-1791, and personal papers, 1742-1775. Copyright: Usual copyright laws apply. Language/script: English, Persian, French, Latin, Bengali, Marathi. Finding aids: A hard copy of the catalogue is available at NLW. A hard copy of an earlier catalogue of the first deposit is also available which includes more details about the family correspondence listed here in CR12/1 and R3/1-3. A hard copy of a summary list of the 1990 deposit is also available at NLW. Publication note: The papers have provided source material for numerous biographies of Clive and books on India. They include Sir John Malcolm, Life of Robert, Lord Clive (London 1836) 3 vols. and Sir George Forrest, Life of Lord Clive (London 1918) 2 vols., and more recently Mark Bence-Jones, Clive of India (London 1974), P.J. Marshall, East Indian Fortunes (Oxford University Press 1976) and Robert Harvey, Clive – The Life and Death of a British Emperor (London 1998). Related papers: Further Clive papers, mainly his incoming letters, are British Library MSS Eur G 37 and Shropshire Record Office (SRO 552/7/1-178). Eighteenth century maps and plans of India including charts of the West Indies by Capt. Spear, Jeffereye's map of the East Indies, a large map of Bengal on rollers, and a plan, Jan 1760, of the new citadel built at Calcutta following its recapture by Clive. Extent: 0.515 cubic metres (35 boxes, 26 outsize vols.). Notes: Some of the papers post-date Clive: these are mainly the papers of his executors together with a small number of 20th century transcripts. _______________ C India papers, 1752-1774 Scope and content: Papers relating to Clive's service with the East India Company comprising public and private correspondence, 1752-1774, mainly from, but also, to Clive relating to his life in India and England between 1752 and 1774, financial papers, 1752-1774, papers relating to civil affairs in India, 1758-1766, to military affairs there, [c.1750s]-1771; Calcutta government records, 1757-1768; East India Company records, 1752-1772; Jagir papers, 1758-1767; and acquired papers, 1727-[c.1763]. Language: English, Persian, French. Arrangement: In eight groups: original correspondence; contemporary transcripts of correspondence; financial papers, India civil affairs; India military affairs; Calcutta government records; East India Company records; Jagir papers; and acquired papers. _______________ CR Original correspondence, 1752-1774 (lacking 1760-1764)
Scope and content: The group consists, for the most part, of several different series of letter books containing, Clive's mainly outgoing correspondence. It covers the years 1752-1759, 1765-1767, and 1767-1774, and pertains, respectively, to his first, second and third (his last) periods of residence in India (including the capture of Calcutta, the battle of Plassey and his first and second governorships of Bengal) and his return to and final years in England. The group also contains indexes and registers of correspondence, letters in Persian and other unbound correspondence. Related papers: Complementary incoming correspondence is at the British Library MSS Eur G 37. Finding aid: An index to the letter books covering Clive's second governorship, 1765 to 1767, is CR7/1. Language: English, Persian, French, Marathi, Bengali. Arrangement: In twelve series: letter books of general letters to Europe and within India, country letter books, Europe letter books, letter books of letters within England to various individuals, letter books of letters within England to the Company directors, India Letter Books, letter books of letters from England to India, indexes/lists of correspondence, registers of 'Country Correspondence Letters Received and Sent', Persian letters, notebooks of letters sent within India, minutes of 'Country Correspondence', and miscellaneous correspondence. Extent: 39 vols., 5 envelopes/bundles, 2 boxes. CR1 Letter books of general letters to Europe and within India, 1756-1759 Scope and content: Containing general letters (mostly public but some private) from Clive to correspondents in Europe but mainly within India, which in the latter case refers to Europeans (chiefly British, some French) as opposed to native Indians. They derive from his second period of residence in India, 1756-1760, when he returned as a lieutenant-colonel and held the positions of deputy-governor of Fort St David, and governor, for the first time, of Bengal. There are also some letters from Clive's aides and associates. Related units: Correspondence between Clive and the Indian rulers from 1756 to 1758 and 1758 to 1760 are CR8 and CC2-CC3 respectively. Letters to Europe during Clive's second governorship of Bengal, 1765-1767, are in CR3. Letters to Europeans within India also during his second governorship are in CR2. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 11 folio pamphlets. Publication note: This series was heavily used by Sir John Malcolm for his biography of Clive: his transcripts of the letters in this series are NLW, Sir John Malcolm Papers M1. Notes: The volumes were formerly numbered one to eleven (out of sequence) although this is not the original numbering, but one possibly supplied and used in the course of later transcription. CR1/1 Letters to Europe and within India, 1756, Jan 31 Oct 7 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Bombay and Fort St George, Madras, to Roger Drake [Governor of Bengal] and William Mabbott [Chairman of the East India Company]. Subjects include preparations for the attack on Gheria (pp.3, 5-6); the inadequacy of the fortifications at Madras and Bombay (p.7); and the loss of Calcutta and Clive's intended expedition to recover it (pp. 11, 13). Extent: 7 ff. of text; paginated 1-14. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 197. Notes: Endorsed 'Letters to Europe - No 11' and 'To October 11 1756' but the latest letter is dated 7 October. CR1/2 Letters to Europe and within India, 1756, Oct 11-757, April 16 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Fort St George, Madras, Calcutta, and camps at Barnagul and Chandernagore. The correspondents include the Secret Committee and Court of Directors of the East India Company; George Pigot [Governor] and the Select Committee of Madras, Roger Drake [Governor] and the Select Committee of Bengal; Admiral Charles Watson, and Pierre Renault [Governor of Chandernagore]. They refer to military and naval operations in Bengal including the capture and recapture of Calcutta [Jan 1757] (pp. 1, 29); the attack on Hughli (pp. 13, 21); the expedition to Dacca (p. 13); relations with the French-a possible neutrality with them in the Ganges and the capture of their settlement at Chandernagore [March 1757] (pp. 24, 38, 63-5, 68-72); the refortification of Fort William (pp. 16, 21-2); payments and victualling of troops with a list of promotions among the Fort St George troops on the expedition to Bengal since October 1756 and those promoted from the coast to the Bengal establishment (pp. 17, 18, 50); and the attack on and Treaty [Feb 1757] with the Nawab, Siraj-ud-daula (pp. 33-6, 41, 51). Extent: 37 ff. of text; paginated 1-73, continued 74-5. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 199. Notes: Endorsed 'No 1' and includes two loose leaf letters. 1756-1757, the earlier from Clive to Major James Killpatrick, his second-in-command, concerning 'the quitting of Fulta'. CR1/3 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, Jan 8-1759, Oct 11, 1914 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Fort William, Calcutta, and camps nearby, and at Rajmahal and Patna. The correspondents include George Pigot [Governor of Madras], Colonels Lawrence and Adlercron, Richard Clive the writer's father, William Mabbott, Lord Barrington [Secretary at War], Henry Fox, Lord Chancellor Robert Henley, Earl of Nottingham, the Court of Directors of the East India Company, Sir Joshua Van Neck, Clive's agents/bankers in London, and [Henry] Vansittart [member of the Madras Council]. Subjects referred to include: the recapture of Calcutta [Jan 1757] and the restoration of the East India Company's interests in Bengal (pp. 9 18, 21, 24-5, 28-9); opposition of the gentlemen of Bengal to Clive's authority (pp. 2, 10); treaty with Siraj-ud-daula [Feb 1757] (p. 26); capture of Chandernagore [March 1757] (pp. a href="http://www.britishonlinearchives.co.uk/document.php?did=71589-1CR-01&keywords=D960A44">55, a href="http://www.britishonlinearchives.co.uk/document.php?did=71589-1CR-01&keywords=4B46A4A">58, a href="http://www.britishonlinearchives.co.uk/document.php?did=71589-1CR-01&keywords=663A4E">60); the conspiracy to depose Siraj-ud-daula, the battle of Plassey [June 1757], the installation of Mir Jafar as Nawab, his gifts to Clive, the latter's financial provision for his family, and negotiations regarding his Dutch Company assignats (bills) (pp. 61 69, 70, 77); military successes against the French in the Carnatic despite the surrender to them of Fort St David (pp. 176-7, 192-3) and further threats from the Dutch and the French (pp. 202, 204). Extent: 107 ff. of text; paginated 1-207, continued 208-212 (inverted text). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 200. Notes: Endorsed 'No 10'. and includes three enclosures which comprise two letters (one of 14 Sept 1759 from Clive at Calcutta to G. Pocock [i.e. Rear-Admiral George Pocock] regarding the insufficient numbers of troops to meet the military needs of Bengal) and a loose leaf index in a modern hand on note paper headed 'All Souls College, Oxford. November 10. 1914.' CR1/4 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, March, 20-April 27 Scope and content: Letters to William Watts mainly from Luke Scrafton [Clive's confidante and Persian interpreter] and John Walsh [Clive's private secretary] relating to the political and military situation in Bengal subsequent to the capture of Chandernagore from the French, but including one from Clive (pp. 2-3) and another from Walsh to Scrafton. In addition there are abstracts of letters, 1757, Feb 17-March 26, from Mr Watts (as envoy to the Nawab) to Clive advising him on Bengal politics and to attack Chandernagore. The last lines on p.22 read 'Here ends the Correspondence concerning the attack of Chandernagore which surrendered on the 24th March.' Extent: 15 ff. of text; paginated 1-14, continued 15-27 (f. 1v and pp. 23-27 inverted text). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 202. Notes: Endorsed 'Letters wrote by the Secretary & J. Walsh. The Copies of Letters to M. Watts etc.' 'No 2.' CR1/5 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, April 4-June 11 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at camp near Chandernagore and French Gardens concerning the political and military situation prevailing from the aftermath of the capture of Chandernagore [23 March 1757] to the march on Plassey [13 June 1757], including relations with Siraj-ud-daula and Mir Jafar and the texts of the real and fictitious treaties with the latter (pp. 33-7). The correspondents include Matthew Collet [head of the factory at Cossimbazar], Peter Renault [late Governor of Chandernagore] & 'French Gentlemen who have given their Parole', Adrian Bisdom [Governor of Cinsura], Charles Watson, Roger Drake, Mr [Luke] Scrafton, William Watts and the Select Committee of Fort William. Physical characteristics: Front cover torn. Extent: 25 ff. of text; paginated 1-47. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 204. Notes: Endorsed 'No 3' and 'Colonels private Letters Commg. [i.e. commencing] 3d April' but the first letter is dated 4th April. Includes three loose letters to Mrs Watson, one of 12 Sept 1760, from Laurence Sulivan and two of 28 Sept and 19 Oct 1765, from James Coulthard concerning her Asiatic affairs. CR1/6 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, June 15-July 17 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Cossimbazar, Midnapur, Murshidabad and elsewhere mainly to the Select Committee of Fort William but also to Charles Watson and Adrian Bisdom, Director of Cinsura, relating to events prior and subsequent to the battle of Plassey [23 June 1757] including his 'particular Account of the Action.' (pp. 5-6). Extent: 11 ff; paginated 1-22. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 207. Notes: Endorsed 'No 4'. CR1/7 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, June 27-1758, July 15 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Calcutta, Cossimbazar, Murshidabad and elsewhere to Roger Drake and the Select Committee of Fort William, H[enry] Doidge, and P[aul] Amyatt, G[eorge] Clive and others, concerning events following the battle of Plassey. They include the despatch of jewels, plate and money received from Mir Jafar with copies of accounts and invoices (ff. 3r-9r); the unsettled situation in Bengal, Clive's expedition to Patna to support Mir Jafar against the Nawab of Oudh, his dilemma of either supporting Mir Jafar and risking a French attack on Calcutta or of withholding support and losing his influence with him, the obtaining of a monopoly of the saltpetre of Patna for the Company (ff. 11, 12v-13r, 16r, 17r, 21r, 22r-24r); and Clive's acceptance of the governorship of Bengal (f. 29v). Existence of copies: For a nineteenth century transcript see Sir John Malcolm Papers M1/7. Physical characteristics: The front cover is detached. Extent: 31 ff. of text (foliation supplied because of errors in original pagination). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 208. Notes: Endorsed 'No 5'. CR1/8 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, July 2-1758, Dec 30 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Muxadavad, camps near Rajmahal and Patna, and Calcutta to George Pigot and the Select Committee of Fort St George, the Secret Committee and the Court of Directors of the East India Company, Richard Bourchier and the Select Committee of Bombay, and Laurence Sulivan, Chairman of the Court of Directors. Subjects referred to include the overthrow of Siraj-ud-daula, the battle of Plassey, the installation of Mir Jafar and the terms of the treaty with him (pp. 1-11); military affairs, the loss of Major Killpatrick, the death of Charles Watson and the depletion of troops through sickness (pp. 20, 21, 26, 28); the inability of Mir Jafar's government, the steps taken to uphold it, and the successful conclusion of negotiations with him (pp. 28-32, 36); and Clive's opinion of the Company's future in India (pp. 42-4). Physical characteristics: Pages 11-20 are loose and the tears in the enclosure are partly pasted together. Extent: 23 ff. of text; paginated 1-46. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 211. Notes: Endorsed 'No 6'. Enclosed is a loose duplicate letter, 25 December 1757, from Clive to John Payne, Sulivan's predecessor as chairman, concerning the former's acceptance of a present from the Nawab which is published in part in Sir George Forrest, The Life of Lord Clive, Vol. II (London 1918), p. 10. CR1/9 Letters to Europe and within India, 1757, July 19-Dec 19 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Murshidabad, French Gardens and other places mainly to the Governor and Council of Fort William with some to Charles Watson relating to the Company's financial and military affairs. They include references to the saltpetre contract and raw silk purchased by the merchants (pp. 6, 7, 10), the general sanad (grant) and dastak (exemption from search and payment on the carriage of goods) for the currency of the Company's business, the free passage of its goods through the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, the perwannahs (royal grants) obtained from Mir Jafar including that for the mint at Calcutta (p. 15), and Clive's expedition to Patna (pp. 21-5). Extent: 13 ff; paginated 1-26. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 213. Notes: Endorsed 'No 7'. CR1/10 Letters to Europe and within India, 1758, June 21-1759, Jan 31 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Calcutta relating to Bengal politics including the dispute between Mir Jafar and Durlabhram Mahindra, the collection of revenues and military matters including relations between the French and the English and Colonel Forde's victory over the French [at Condore Dec 1758] (p. 41). The correspondents include Warren Hastings as Resident at Durbar (pp. 12-25, 29-31, 33-4, 36-40, 42), and various station chiefs and commandants (named). Physical characteristics: Both covers are detached. Language: English, French. Extent: 21 ff; paginated 1-42. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 214. Notes: Endorsed 'No 8'. CR1/11 Letters to Europe and within India, 1759, Feb 25-June 12 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Calcutta and camps on route to Patna to Warren Hastings, Charles Manningham and the Select Committee of Fort William, the Secret Committee of the East India Company, Peter Amyatt [the chief of Patna], and various military personnel regarding the Shahzada crisis. Physical characteristics: The front cover is detached. Extent: 21 ff; paginated 1-41. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 217. Notes: Endorsed 'No 9'. CR2 Country letter books, 1765-1767 Scope and content: Letter books containing letters sent mainly by Clive within India (but including some from H.S., i.e. Henry Strachey, his secretary) during his third and final period there including his second governorship of Bengal, 1765-1767. The wide range of subject matter provides information about the country's internal politics, the civil and military aspects of Clive's duties as governor and various other matters including Clive's own private concerns (e.g. his interest in diamonds) and the personal fortunes of company servants. The correspondents include Sir Robert Barker, General John Carnac, Sir Robert Fletcher, Ralph Leycester, Robert Palk, John Pybus, Colonel Richard Smith, William Sumner, Sir Francis Sykes and Henry Verelst of whom the three latter with Carnac formed Clive's Select Committee at Calcutta. Language: Mainly English, some French. Related units: Letters to Europeans within India during Clive's second period in India including his first governorship of Bengal, 1756-1760, are in CR1. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 16 folio pamphlets comprising 795 pp. in all. CR2/1 Country letter book, 1765, May-June 9 Extent: 20 ff; paginated 1-40. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 232. Notes: It includes two loose draft letters, 3 Jan 1765, from Clive at the Cape of Good Hope, to Thomas Rous, chairman of the directors of the East India Company, and George Grenville, the Prime Minister, regarding the need for the reform of the situation in Bengal. CR2/2 Country letter book, 1765, June 10-July 8 Extent: 21 ff; paginated 41-80. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 233. CR2/3 Country letter book, 1765, July 8-Aug 28 Scope and content: Includes references to the grant of the diwani of Bengal to the Company and the Anglo-Mogul Treaty of Allahabad, Aug 1765 (pp. 132-4, 137, 142-6). Extent: 40 ff; paginated 81-159. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 234. CR2/4 Country letter book, 1765, Sept 3-Oct 25 Extent: 22 ff; paginated 160-203. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 235. CR2/5 Country letter book, 1765, Oct 28-Dec 20 Related unit: The last letter is continued in CR2-6. Extent: 43 ff; paginated 204-289. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 237. CR2/6 Country letter book, 1765, Dec 20-1766, April 9 Extent: 41 ff; paginated 290-373. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 238. CR2/7 Country letter book, 1766, April 12-May 4 Scope and content: Includes references to the Batta mutiny, April-May 1766 (pp. 388-414). Extent: 21 ff; paginated 374-414. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 239. CR2/8 Country letter book, 1766, May 4-15 Scope and content: The letter book is devoted almost exclusively to the Batta mutiny. Physical characteristics: The front cover is torn. Extent: 21 ff; paginated 414-453 (continued from CR2/7; both the last page of CR2/7 and the first page of this volume being numbered 414). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 239a. CR2/9 Country letter book, 1766, May 16-30 Scope and content: Including references to the suppression of the Batta mutiny and Clive's denouncement of it (pp. 454-65, 486-8). Physical characteristics: The back cover is detached. Extent: 20 ff; paginated 454-493. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 240. CR2/10 Country letter book, 1766, May 31-June 16 Scope and content: Includes references to the installation of Saif-ud-daula as Nawab in place of his brother Najm-ud-daula (p. 494), Clive's suggestion of officer contracts to prevent a possible future mutiny (pp. 498-9), and mention of the Nawab's 'faithful observance' of the Treaty of Allahabad of 16 Aug 1765 (pp. 520-1). Extent: 21 ff; paginated 494-533. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 241. CR2/11 Country letter book, 1766, June 16-July 7 Scope and content: Includes Clive's further opinion regarding officer contracts (p. 541) (see also pp. 498-9 in CR2/10), the importance to the Company, in terms of discipline and subordination, of the forthcoming courts-martial arising from the mutiny (p. 557) and reference to the arrest, trial and court martial of Sir Robert Fletcher (pp. 569-573. Extent: 20 ff; paginated 534-573. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 242. CR2/12 Country letter book, 1766, July 7-Aug 3 Scope and content: Includes further references to the trial, arrest and court martial of Sir Robert Fletcher (pp. 587, 606, 613) and Clive's strong views both military and civil, on the 'Villainy of my Countrymen' since undertaking his governorship (pp. 591-595). Extent: 21 ff; paginated 574-613. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 243. CR2/13 Country letter book, 1766, Aug 4-Sept 10 Extent: 19 ff; paginated 614-650 Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 244. CR2/14 Country letter book, 1766, Sept 10-Oct 4 Language: English, French. Extent: 21 ff; paginated 651-691. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 244a. CR2/15 Country letter book, 1766, Oct 6-24 Language: Mainly English, some French. Extent: 20 ff; paginated 692-731. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 244b. CR2/16 Country letter book, 1766, Oct 25-1767, Jan 24 Scope and content: Includes a letter, 22 January 1767, from Clive to John Call, his attorney, giving a glowing self appraisal of his achievements as governor (p. 787) and by his last letter, 24 January 1767, empowering Harry Verelst and Thomas Kelsall to accept charge of his concerns in India in which he encloses a copy of the balance sheet of his books, his last will and testament and his agreements with the East India Company concerning his jagir (pp. 793-5). At the end of the volume there is a letter from Clive (tipped in) to an unnamed addressee dated 25 April 1767 from the Cape [of Good Hope]. Physical characteristics: The front cover is detached. Extent: 32 ff; paginated 732-779, continued 780-795. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 245. Scope and content: According to the index volume CR7/1 this is the only surviving volume of a series of five Europe letter books, A-E. It contains letters of both a public and private nature (but mainly the former) sent by Clive at Calcutta to Europe during his second governorship of Bengal. The correspondents include George Dudley, John Walsh, Thomas Rous, Lord Grenville, the Earl of Halifax, Sir Matthew Featherstonhaugh, Luke Scrafton, Joseph Fowke, Joseph Salvador, Robert Orme, and William Smyth King. In the main the letters contain relate to the East India Company's affairs in India and at home with regard to its revenues, the grant to the Company of the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, the trade in salt, betel nut and tobacco, Clive's civil and military reforms and his settlement with Shuja-ud-daula, and the Nawab of Oudh. Clive also gives his frank views of the Company directorship (p. 40), of individual directors e.g. Laurence Sulivan in whose defeat at the election of directors in 1765 he could not 'but rejoice exceedingly' (p. 16). and of Mr. Sumner, a member of his Select Committee in Calcutta as his proposed successor in Bengal (pp. 6-8). Related units: Letters to Europe during Clive's second period in India including his first governorship of Benga1, 1756-1760, are in CR1. Extent: 1 folio pamphlet. CR3/1 Europe letter book, 1765, Sept 25-Oct 1 Extent: 23 ff; paginated 1-44 (but there are 45 pages in all, because there are two pages numbered 37 namely the one in sequence and that following p. 44 (i.e. the last page). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 236. Notes: Endorsed 'Europe Letters sent by the Good Ship Adml Stevens Captain John Griffin Commander October 2d 1765. Duplicates sent by the Grenville in Febry 1766', and 'D1'. CR4 Letter books of letters from England to various individuals, 1767-1774 Scope and content: Letter books containing letters from Clive written principally during his final years in England from 1767 to 1774 although there are some addressed from Europe which he visited between January and September 1768. For the most part they are addressed to various individuals in England but with the occasional letter to India and elsewhere. The varied nature of the letters reflects both Clive's own personal and domestic concerns and his continuing interest in Indian affairs after leaving Bengal. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: Extent: 2 vols. CR4/1 Letters from England to various individuals, 1767, July 21-Nov 22 Scope and content: The letters, for the most part, are from Clive at Berkeley Square, Bath, Clifton Hill near Bristol, Walcot, and Styche, but include some from Henry Strachey, his personal secretary. The subjects referred to include Clive's ill health (passim); financial affairs including the purchase of India stock, etc. (pp. 21-3, 26-7, 35-6, 43, 51); the purchase of estates (pp. 44-5); his opinion of the Directors with regard to affairs in India, including the salt trade (pp. 49-50, 57-9, 64-6, 81-2); and his jagir and the Directors' opinion of it, and the progress of the map of Bengal being prepared by Robert Orme. Extent: 43 ff; paginated 1-86. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 58. Notes: Endorsed 'No 12'. CR4/2 Letters from England to various individuals, 1767, Oct 16-1774, Oct 20 Scope and content: Letters for the most part from Clive (but including some from Henry Strachey, George Clive and others) at Walcot, Bath, Berkeley Square, Arlington Street, Westcomb, and Oakly Park but, between January and August 1768, from Paris, Montpellier, Aix-la-Chapelle and Spa which he visited on medical advice as part of a tour of France. The recipients, principally within England, include Sir James Hedges, the Duke of Portland, Thomas Rous, Valentine Morris, George Grenville, Robert Mackintosh, Lord North and the Corporation of Shrewsbury. There are also a few letters to correspondents elsewhere including Henry Verelst in Bengal [Clive's successor as governor], Caleb Powell in Limerick [the steward of his Irish estates] and Monsieur St. Priest in St. Martins. Amongst the subjects discussed are Clive's views of and relationship with the East India Company directors (pp. 1, 57, 74); his ill health (passim); his recommendations for commissions and posts in the Company's military service (pp. 4-5, 10-11, 16, 33, 35, 37, 90, 106), including those of his brother (p. 66), and General Carnac (pp. 132, 137-8); the purchase and sale of the Monmouthshire and other estates (pp. 14, 17-20, 21-4, 20-2, 72-3, 112-14, 116-17, 126, 134); and parliamentary representation of Shrewsbury and Bishop's Castle (pp. 39-41, 44-9, 54, 56, 60-1, 120-1). Extent: 72 ff. of text; paginated 1-140. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 56. Notes: Endorsed 'Letter-Book. Commencing 28th November 1767' but the first two letters are dated 16 Oct. CR5 Letter books of letters from England to East India Company directors, 1767-1774 Scope and content: Letters written by Clive mainly during his last years in England, 1767-1774, but also whilst he was touring Europe in 1768, to the Company's Court of Directors. They allude to the Company's affairs in Bengal and his own professional and personal concerns arising from his service there. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. CR5/1 Letters from England to East India Company directors, 1767, Aug 28-1773, Jan 2 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Berkeley Square, Walcot, Bath, Westcomb and London but also from Spa in France to the Court of Directors and its Committees of Correspondence and Treasury. They express his opinions of the Company's military, civil, financial and political concerns in Bengal and of its Directors in England. Included is an estimate of receipts and disbursements in Bengal from 1 Feb 1767-1 Feb 1769 (pp. 16-17); a letter from Clive at Pézenas relating to Mr [Henry] Vansittart's conduct in Bengal with a further letter from Clive's attorney, John Walsh, to say that he is sending the relevant papers (pp. 51-2); details for the proposed establishment of European infantry and sepoys at Bengal (pp. 79-80); and letters, including one from Henry Strachey, concerning the charge by the Directors that Clive was involved in the mismanagement of the Company's affairs in Bengal (pp. 87-91). Extent: 46 ff; paginated 1-91. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 59. Notes: Endorsed 'No 15'. CR5/2 Letters from England to East India Company directors, 1773, Jan 20-1774, June 17 Scope and content: Letters from Clive at Berkeley Square, Walcot, Oakly Park, Bath, Esher and Tunbridge Wells to the Court of Directors and its Committee for Managing the Military Fund. For the most part they concern Clive's support of General Carnac's application to be Governor of Bombay. Extent: 8 ff of text; paginated 1-15. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 60. Notes: Endorsed 'No 16' and 'January 1773 Intended Letter to Directors proposing an Arbitration This was not sent Vide Letter from Bath 2 Jany 73'. CR6 Letter books of letters from England to India, 1767-1773 Scope and content: Letters, 1767-1773, from Clive in England and France to India. The subject matter ranges from Company affairs and Clive's continuing interests in Bengal and in events in England. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. CR6/1 Letters from England to India, 1767, Oct 16-1769, Feb 10 Scope and content: Letters to India from Clive at Walcot, Bath and Berkeley Square, and from Paris and Montpellier (during his tour of Europe) mainly to Henry Verelst [Clive's successor as governor of Bengal], but also to Captain Charles Morgan, Thomas Kelsall, [chief of Dacca], Francis Sykes, William Aldersey, Sir Robert Barker and John Cartier, [Verelst's successor]. Subjects include Clive's opinions on civil and military matters in Bengal (pp. 1, 4-5, 8-9,12-13, 24,26-9); his recommendations to appointments in the Company's service, (pp. 2-3, 13, 15-16, 18-19, 20, 37-9, 42-9, 51-4, 56-8); the role of Verelst as Governor (pp. 6-8, 62); Clive's unfavourable opinion of the directors (pp. 10, 24, 29, 62) and of [Henry] Vansittart (p. 36) and the latter's misunderstanding of Clive's support of his reappointment as Governor of Bengal (p. 59); the salt trade (pp. 5, 17, 26-7); Mr Duval's instructions for purchasing diamonds (pp. 22-3); Clive's jagir (pp. 21, 54-5); and Cartier's appointment as Verelst's successor (32, 58). The last letter addressed to Claud Russell (p. 62) is continued in CR6/2. Physical characteristics: Extent: 31 ff; paginated 1-62. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 61. Notes: Endorsed 'India Letter Book No. 13'. CR6/2 Letters from England to India, 1769, Feb 10-1773, Nov 24 Scope and content: Letters to India from Clive mainly at Berkeley Square but also at London, Bath, and Oakly Park, and Spa. The correspondents include: Claud Russell, Francis Sykes, Sir Robert Barker, John Call, Charles Bourchier, John Cartier, Henry Verelst, General Smith and Warren Hastings. The letters are similar in content to those in CR6/1, but two of the letters to Hastings, contain Clive's advice to him following his appointment as governor of Bengal (pp. 41-6) and a reference to the parliamentary attacks made against Clive and his eventual vindication (pp. 64-5). Extent: 34 ff.; paginated 1-68. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 62. Notes: Endorsed 'India Letter Book No 14'. CR7 Index/list of correspondence, 1765-1767 Scope and content: Index and list of Clive's letter books and loose correspondence deriving from his second governorship of Bengal, 1765-1767. Related units: An index to Clive's letter books, 1756-1759 and 1767-1774 with abstracts of the letters, 1756-1774, are NLW, Powis Castle Deeds and Documents 21916. Extent: 2 vols. CR7/1 Index of correspondents, 1765-1767 Scope and content: An index, 1765-1767, to the different series of Clive's letter books (i.e. the country letter books, A-Q; the public letter books, A-B; Mr Strachey's letter book [Clive's secretary]; the Europe letter books, A-E; the letter book on the passage to India; and the letter book marked +). Not all of the letter books are represented in this archive so this volume provides the essential index to both the surviving and the missing letter books. Physical characteristics: Damaged by damp but the text is not significantly impaired. Extent: 47 ff; paginated 1-89. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 38. CR7/2 List of letters received, 1765-1767. Scope and content: A list of letters received by Lord Clive from Europe (i.e. England), 1765-1767. It gives an alphabetical list of correspondents, the dates of writing (the earliest – 20 April 1764) and receipt (the latest – Dec 1766), the name of the ship by which the letter was sent and the name of the person recommended to Clive for Company service. The correspondents include Clive's attorneys, members of his family, and the Secret Committee of the East India Company.1 cm of text. Extent: Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. CR8 Register of country correspondence received and sent, 1756-1758 Scope and content: A register which appears to relate to a series of 'Country correspondence' some of which are in CR9. It contains abstracts, copies and translations of the 538 letters exchanged between Clive and the Indian rulers from his arrival in Bengal in 1756 until his appointment as governor in 1758. The period of the register saw the recapture of Calcutta (Jan 1757), the capture of Chandernagore from the French (March 1757), the true and fictitious treaty with Mir Jafar (May 1757) and the battle of Plassey (June 1757). Extent: 1 vol. CR8/1 Register of country correspondence received and sent, 1756, Dec 15-1758, June 30 Scope and content: Contains a loose enclosure being a translation of a letter, dated 10 March 1757, from Siraj-ud-daula to Admiral Watson concerning Anglo-French relations. Extent: 121 ff; paginated 1-234, continued 235-241. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 369. CR9 Letters in Persian, 1756-1774 Scope and content: Original 'country correspondence' from native Indian rulers and others notables, covering both Clive's first (1756-1760) and second (1765-1766) governorships of Bengal. In terms of content, a significant proportion is concerned with political and military affairs principally in Bengal, but also across the Mughal Empire more generally. In addition there are numerous references to regional trade and taxation, as well as letters entreating Clive to grant pardons or preferment. Much of this correspondence was translated at the time and then recorded, together with the text of Clive's replies, surviving either in original (CR8/1, 1756-1758) and transcribed (CC2/1-CC4/6, 1758-1760) letter books, or else organised as 'minutes' (CR11/1, 1765-1766). Language: The letters are chiefly in Persian but with a few items in other languages, including Bengali and Marathi. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: Over 1,000 letters, mostly with their envelopes, and many with enclosures. CR10 Notebook of letters sent within India, 1765 Scope and content: A notebook, 1765, from the first months of Clive s second governorship of Bengal containing notes of letters/communications relating mainly to the governorship sent by him within India. Extent: 1 vol. CR10/1 Notebook of letters sent within India, 1765, May 13-June 25 Extent: 8 ff of text; paginated 1-10, the original pagination then jumping to 67-76, continued 77-81 indicating the want of many interceding pages. Physical characteristics: The front cover and the final three pages of index are detached. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 37. Notes: Endorsed 'Note Book Commencing 13th May 1765'. CR11 Minutes of country correspondence, 1766 Scope and content: Minutes or summaries of the fifty eight letters constituting the 'Country Correspondence' that Clive received from Indian rulers (named) between 26 Dec 1765 and 24 May 1766, translated and compiled by Robert Maddison, Persian translator, 16 Dec 1766. The subject matter reflects the country's internal politics, Clive's relations with its rulers and the prevailing military situation. A note by Robert Maddison indicates that the series is incomplete in that some of the letters were 'lost at Chuprats by a Robbery committed there upon the Manskees in whose Custody they then were'. Extent: 1 folio vol. CR11/1 Minutes of country correspondence, 1766, Dec 16 Physical characteristics: Folios gathered and tied to form a volume. Extent: 9 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1735. CR12 Miscellaneous correspondence, 1752-[mid-20 cent] Scope and content: Miscellaneous correspondence, 2 Dec 1752-20 Feb 1772, mainly between Clive and various individuals but also between other parties, relating for the most part to military affairs and financial matters during Clive's time in India. Includes some mid-20 cent. typewritten transcripts. Extent: 1 file. CR12/1 Miscellaneous correspondence, 1752-[mid-20 cent] Scope and content: Extent: 41 items. Arrangement: Chronological. Finding aid: The letters are individually described (date, correspondents, subject matter), listed and numbered in Schedule of Clive MSS. and Papers (Second Series) (National Library of Wales, 1954) pp. 36-39, 144. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 801-832, 835, 837, 842-849. _______________ CC Contemporary transcripts, 1763
Scope and content: Contemporary transcripts, dated 1763, of Clive's correspondence during his second period in India (the originals of which do not appear to have survived) comprising transcripts of his private letters, 1756-1760, and transcripts and duplicate transcripts of his official letter books, 1758-1760, entitled Country Correspondence to be kept by the Governor. A note on the covers of some of these latter volumes suggests that they were transcribed in 1763 when Clive's official correspondence was submitted to the East India Company for inspection. Arrangement: In four series: transcripts of private letters; 1763-1764, transcripts of governor's letters (first series); 1763, transcripts of governor's letters (second series), 1763, duplicates of transcripts of governor's letters, 1763. Extent: 31 vols. CC1 Contemporary transcripts of private letters, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters (and other documents), 1756-1760, from Clive to his relations (except for a cousin who was with him in India) and others in Europe relating to events in India and personal business matters. including letters from Clive at Bombay, Calcutta, Fort Gheria and camp near Chandernagore to 'Honourable Sir' [his father] referring to the capture of Gheria [Feb 1756] (img.7) and Chandernagore [March 1757] (img.13), the Battle of Plassey [June 1757], and his ambitions to be Governor General of India (img.12); to Mr Justice Clive [Clive's cousin, Edward, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas] concerning the purchase for him of an estate '60 miles from London'; to his agents/bankers in London and Sir Joshua Van Neck regarding financial affairs including negotiations for bills of exchange on the Dutch East India Company (with related correspondence between Sir Joshua Van Neck and John Vynantz, Amsterdam, and minutes of meetings of his attorneys); letters to and from George Clive (Clive's cousin who was with him in India) relating to financial matters and Clive's affairs in India; and accounts of sums realised on Dutch assignats. Extent: 1 vol. CC1/1 Contemporary transcripts of private letters, (c.1763) Finding aid: Indexed by subject. Extent: 21 ff. of text; foliation supplied because of errors in original pagination. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 63. Notes: Endorsed 'Clive's Letters Etc. [Copies]'. Scope and content: Incomplete series of volumes of transcripts, 1763, of the official correspondence between Clive, as governor of Bengal, and the native Indian rulers from 1758 to 1760. Collectively they provide an important source material for the country's internal affairs, Clive's relations with its leaders and his first term as governor. Much of the correspondence relates to Anglo-French-Indian relations, wars, rebellions and infighting between Indian rulers and to the collection of revenues for the East India Company. Related units: The five sections missing in this series are in CC3. Original letters from Clive to his European associates in India during his first governorship, 1758-1760, are in CR1/8andCR1/10-11). Arrangement: Chronological. Each pamphlet/volume constitutes a section in which the correspondence is individually and consecutively numbered. Extent: 19 folio pamphlets. In all, the letters total 1080. The series is not complete in that only nineteen of the original twenty four sections are present. Notes:Sections 7-24 (insofar as they are present) endorsed 'Examind wth the Original wch was [Del]ivere[d] to Mr James Sec[re]t[ar]y to ye E[ast] I[ndia] Company 14th [and 15th] Septr 1763'. CC2/1 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 1-49, 1758, June 24-Aug 2 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 246. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 1st No 8'. CC2/2 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 50-90, 1758, Aug 7-Sept 17 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 21-40. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 247. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 1st No 9'. CC2/3 Transcripts of Country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 91-125, 1758, Sept 18-Oct 14 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 21-40. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 248. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 3d No 10'. CC2/4 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 126-167, 1758, Oct 14-Nov 20 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 249. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 4th No 11. From 17th October' which refers to the first outgoing letter but there are three previous incoming letters received between 14th and 16th October 1758. CC2/5 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 168-213, 1758, Oct 10-Dec 15 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 250. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 5th No 12'. CC2/6 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 214-244, 1758, Dec 19-1759, Jan 12 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 251. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 6th No 13'. CC2/7 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 245-284, 1759, Jan 13-31. Letter no. 281, 31 Jan 1759, being Clive's request to the Seths for a jagir which he was eventually granted in June 1759 (p. 19). Extent: 10 ff. paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 252. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 7th No 14'. CC2/8 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 285-318, 1759, Feb 3-15. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 253. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 8th No 15'. 'From 3d January' i.e. when the earliest letter was written, 3 Feb being the date when Clive received it. CC2/9 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 319-365, 1759, Feb 19-March 8. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 254. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 9th No 16'. CC2/10 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 366-410, 1759, March 10-23. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 255. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 10th No 17'. CC2/11 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 411-462, 1759, March 23-April 2. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20 pp. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 256. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 11th No 18 'To 31st March' the date of the latest letter, 2 April being the date of receipt. CC2/12 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 463-523, 1759, April 2-14. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 257. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 12th No 19 'From 3d April' but the earliest letter was received 2 April. CC2/13 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 524-585, 1759, April 14-28. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 258. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 13th No 20 'From 15th April' i.e. the date of the second letter, 14 April being the date of receipt of the earliest, undated, letter. CC2/14 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 586-636, 1759, April 29-May 23. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 259. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 14th No 21'. CC2/15 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763. Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 637-691, 1759, May 23-June 21. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 260. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 15th No 22'. 'From 14th May' i.e. the date of writing of the earliest dated letter, 23 May. CC2/16 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 692-740, 1759, June 21-July 14. Related unit: For Section 17th containing letters 741-793 see CC3/1 Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 261. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 16th No 23'. 'From 23 June', i.e. the date of writing of the earliest dated letter, 21 June being the date of receipt of the earliest undated letter. CC2/17 = Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 794-839, 1759 Aug 5-Sept 5. Related unit: For sections 19th-22nd containing letters 840-1021 see CC3/2-5. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 262. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 18th No 24'. 'From 8th Aug', i.e. the date of writing of the earliest dated letter, 5 Aug being the date of receipt of the earliest undated letter. CC2/18 Transcripts of Country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 1022-1067, 1759, Dec 3-26. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 263. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 23d No 25'. 'To 15th Dec' being the date of the writing of the latest letter, 26 Dec being the date of receipt. CC2/19 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 1068-1080, 1759, Dec 27-1760, Jan 10 [the month before Clive returned to England]. Extent: 3 ff. of text; paginated 1-6. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 264. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 24th No 26'. Scope and content: Transcripts 1763, of the official correspondence between Clive, as Governor of Bengal, and the native Indian rulers from 16 July to 3 Dec 1759 similar in content to CC2. Related papers: The series completes the gaps in the first series (CC2). These, however, are not strays from the first series but part of a further series of twenty four contemporary copies that were compiled in 1763. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 5 folio pamphlets. Notes: Each transcript is endorsed '55'. CC3/1 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 741-793, 1759, July 16-Aug 5. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 265. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 17th'. CC3/2 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 840-885, 1759, July 16-Aug 5. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 266. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 19th'. CC3/3 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 886-937. 1759, [1769 in text], July 16-Aug 5. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 267. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 20th'. CC3/4 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 938-978. 1759, [1769 in text], Nov 2-18. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 268. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 21st'. CC3/5 Transcripts of country correspondence, 1763. Scope and content: Transcripts, 1763, of letters 979-1021. 1759, [1769 in text], July 16-Aug 5. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 269. Notes: Endorsed 'Section 22nd'. Scope and content: Duplicates, 1763, of the transcripts of sections 1-6 in CC2. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 6 vols. CC4/1 Duplicate transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Duplicate of CC2/1. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 270. CC4/2 Duplicate transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Duplicate of CC2/2. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS. 271. CC4/3 Duplicate transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Duplicate of CC2/3. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS. 272. CC4/4 Duplicate transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Duplicate of CC2/4. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS. 273. CC4/5 Duplicate transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Duplicate of CC2/5. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS. 274. CC4/6 Duplicate transcripts of country correspondence, 1763 Scope and content: Duplicate of CC2/6. Extent: 10 ff.; paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS. 275. _______________ CF India financial papers, 1752-1774
Scope and content: Accounts of Clive's personal and official finances both in India and England, buy mainly in the former. The distinction, however, is not always clear since both his foreign and domestic transactions and the different types of accounts are sometimes represented separately and sometimes intermixed. The group comprises : journals of India accounts, 1757-1759, journals of general accounts: England and India, 1763-1774, journals of 'Lord Clive's Concerns in Bengal', 1765-1766, contemporary copy journals of India accounts, 1757-1758, draft journals of general accounts England and India, 1764, 1769-1774, ledgers of diamond accounts, 1755-1757, ledgers of India accounts, 1757-1759, ledgers of general accounts England and India, 1763-1774, ledgers of Lord Clive's Concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766, contemporary copy ledgers of India accounts, 1757-1758, account books of India accounts, 1759-1760, cash books of general accounts England, 1763-1764, cash books of Lord Clive's Concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766, miscellaneous cash account books, 1756-1763, bills books; 1756-1758, and bundles of accounts, 1752-1758. Arrangement: In sixteen series. Extent: 49 vols., 1 bundle. CF1 Journals of India accounts, 1757-1759 Scope and content: Journals, 1757-1759, relating to Clive's second residence in India (including his first period as governor of Bengal) including accounts headed Bengal expedition, committee money, charges general (including his salary), remittances to England, interest bonds, profit and loss (including the receipt of card debts), chaise and horses, plate and jewels, life annuities and investments in ships. Related units: The corresponding ledgers are in CF7. Accounts relating to Clive's second governorship are in CF3. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 folio vols. CF1/1 Journal of India accounts, 1757, Dec-1758, Dec Extent: 7 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 350. Notes: Endorsed 'No 27 Journal commencing December 1757 ending December 1758.' CF1/2 Journal of India accounts, 1759, Jan 1 Extent: 4 ff. of text. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 357. Notes: The volume is entitled 'Journal of Effects belonging to Colonel Robert Clive, the 1st January 1759' and endorsed 'No 30 Journal commencing 1st January 1759'. CF2 Journals of general accounts England and India, 1763-1774 Scope and content: Journals, 1763-1774, containing accounts relating to the purchase and management (repairs, building work, rents and outgoings, tenants' arrears, etc.) of Clive's estates in England, Wales and Ireland, and his town house in Berkeley Square; expenses relating to elections, to the Acts of Parliament for the Llangollen and Bishops Castle Turnpikes and to his tour of France; bank and life annuities, (annuitants named); his investments in ships; and various other accounts concerned with travel, stable, house, pocket and children's expenses' together with accounts relating to India including expenses preparatory to and during Clive's voyage; his jagir money collected and remitted from India by Henry Vansittart; bonds of the governor and council of Calcutta in the custody of General Carnac; bills on the East India Company; India stock; debts due to and from Clive in Bengal; and diamonds from Bengal and Madras. Related units: Although these journals cover Clive's last residence in Bengal, 1765-1767, there are further, separate, accounts for those years in CF3. The corresponding ledgers are in CF8; drafts of some of the journals are in CF5 and cash books corresponding to the first and third volumes are in CF12. Further household/family accounts are series H). Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 14 vols. Notes: Endorsed 'A-M'. CF2/1 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1763, Jan 1-Dec 31 Related unit: A corresponding cash book is CF12/1. Extent: 21 ff. of text; paginated 1-42. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 83. CF2/2 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1764, Jan 1-April 30 Related unit: An incomplete draft is CF5/1. Extent: 14 ff. of text; paginated 1-28. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 85. CF2/3 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1764, May 1-June 8 Related unit: A corresponding cash book is CF12/2. Extent: 16 ff. of text; paginated 1-31. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 126. CF2/4 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1764, June 9-1765, Sept 30 Extent: 52 ff.; paginated 1-104. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 127. CF2/5 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1765, Sept 30-Dec 31 Extent: 30 ff.; paginated 105-163. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 128. CF2/6 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1766, Jan 1-1767, July 15 Extent: 53 ff.; paginated 1-105. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 135, Papers 1657. Notes: Included loose is a copy of Clive's agreement, 2 Jan 1766, with G. Tarwaddy for the supply of 50, 000 pagodas (gold coins) worth of diamonds. CF2/7 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1767, July 15-1768, Feb 29 Extent: 39 ff.; paginated 1-77. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 142. Notes: A note at the beginning of the volume reads: 'This Book was Shewn to Edward Crisp Gent at the time of his examina[tio]n taken in Chancery on the part and behalf of the Defts in a Cause wherein Joseph Amphlett Esq. is Complt & John Walsh & others are Defts'. CF2/8 Journal of general accounts England and India 1768, Feb 29-Dec 31 Extent: 48 ff.; paginated 78-172. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 143. Notes: Endorsed 'CF2/7'. CF2/9 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1769, Jan 1-June 30 Extent: 29 ff.; paginated 1-57. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 147. CF2/10 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1769, July 1-1770, June 30 Extent: 65 ff.; paginated 1-130. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 150. CF2/11 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1770, July 1-1771, June 30 Extent: 55 ff.; paginated 1-110. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 152. CF2/12 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1771, July 1-1772, June 30 Extent: 44 ff.; paginated 1-88. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 154. CF2/13 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1772, July 1-1773, Nov 24 Extent: 66 ff.; paginated 1-132, 12 loose folios. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 156. Notes: Endorsed 'CF2/7'. CF2/14 Journal of general accounts England and India, 1773, Nov 25-1774, Dec 31 Scope and Content: Includes details of rents received together with payments of taxes, annuities, repairs and other outgoings on the Blundon Hall, Oakly Park, Rockley, Styche and Walcot estates for 1772-1773 (pp. 55-9). Extent: 43 ff.; paginated 1-86. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 159. CF3 Journals of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766 Scope and content: Volumes containing details of Clive's financial transactions during his second governorship of Bengal from 4 May 1765 until 31 Dec 1766. The varied nature of the accounts is reflected in the different heads under which they are listed. These include travelling expenses from Europe, company's allowances, wearing apparel, charges general, table expenses, governor's duties (e.g. receipt of mint office duties), account 'Nazeranny' relating to the receipt and sale of nazars i.e. money or valuables (e.g. elephants) presented to a superior when granted an audience, joint salt concerns, jewels, gold, Society of Trade's certificates, company's interest bonds. Related units: Ledgers corresponding to the first two journals are in CF9. A single cash book corresponding to the same two journals is in CF13. Accounts relating to Clive's first governorship are in CF1. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 vols. CF3/1 Journal of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765, May 4-1766, April 30 Extent: 32 ff.; paginated 1-64. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 130. Notes: Endorsed 'Journal A'. CF3/2 Journal of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1766, May 1-Dec 31 Related units: CF9/2 and CF13/1. Extent: 18 ff.; paginated 1-36. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 132. Notes: Endorsed 'Journal B'. CF3/3 Journal of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal 1765, May [?]-1766, Dec 31 Physical characteristics: Covers missing. Extent: 16 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 354. Notes: Endorsed 'Expences General of my Voyage to India', the third journal does not fit obviously into the series, but despite this, it has been listed here because its contents are not confined to the voyage but are in fact similar to and cover the same period as those of the other two volumes. CF4 Contemporary copy journal of India accounts, 1757-1758 Scope and content: A contemporary copy, 1757-1758, of India accounts in CF1. Extent: 1 vol. CF4/1 Contemporary copy journal of India accounts, 1757, Dec-1758, Dec Extent: 7 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 351. Notes: Endorsed 'No 28'. CF5 Draft journals of general accounts England and India, 1764, 1769-1774 Scope and content: Draft/incomplete versions, 1764, of entries in CF2/2) and CF8/2, and drafts, 1769-1774, of entries recorded in the journals CF2/10-14. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 vols. CF5/1 Draft journal of general accounts England and India 1764, Jan 1-April 17 Finding aid: Indexed. Extent: Foliated 1-66, 7 loose leaves, 12 ff. of loose index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 123. CF5/2 Draft journal of general accounts England and India 1769, July 1-1772, June 30 Extent: 87 ff.; paginated 1-32, continued 33-173 (pp.120-123 are blank). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 149. CF5/3 Draft journal of general accounts England and India 1772, Aug 31-1774, Dec 31 Extent: 44 ff. including twelve loose folios. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 158. CF6 Ledger of diamond accounts, 1755-1757 Scope and content: A ledger, 1755-1757 (possibly the sole survivor of a series of similar ledgers) giving details of Clive's dealings in diamonds and other gems. The ledger gives the names of those with whom he dealt and are arranged under separate sections for rough diamonds, diamonds, 'Dutch small Brillts', rose diamonds, rubies, sapphires and diamonds English. Included are two loose accounts, 1746-1751, and 1754, the former dating back to Clive's first period in India. The volume itself derives mainly from Clive's second period in India but commences a little earlier when he was still in England. Extent: 1 vol. Notes: One means by which Clive remitted his wealth from India was to send it in the form of diamonds. CF6/1 Ledger of diamond accounts, 1755, Jan 8-1757, Nov 11 Extent: 22 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 119. CF7 Ledgers of India accounts, 1757-1759 Scope and content: Ledgers corresponding to the earliest journals of India accounts in CF1. Extent: 2 vols. CF7/1 Ledger of India accounts, 1757, Dec-1758, Dec Extent: Foliated 1-15. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 349. Notes: Endorsed 'No 32 Ledger commencing December 1757 ending December 1758'. CF7/2 Ledger of India accounts, 1759, Jan 1 Extent: Foliated 1-12. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 356. Notes: Endorsed 'No 31 Ledger commencing 1st. January 1759'. CF8 Ledgers of general accounts England and India, 1763-1774 Scope and content: Ledgers corresponding to the earliest journals of India accounts in CF1. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 13 vols. Finding aids: There is a separate, self-contained, index within each volume except for CF8/11-13 where the indexes are integral. Notes: Endorsed 'A-M.' Ledger D is a single volume whereas the corresponding journals in CF2 cover two volumes which explains why there are thirteen ledgers to fourteen journals. CF8/1 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1763, Jan 1-Dec 31 Related unit: A corresponding cash book is CF12/1. Extent: Foliated 1-60 and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 82. CF8/2 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1764, Jan 1-April 30 Extent: Foliated 1-72 and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 84. CF8/3 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1764, May 1-June 8 Related unit: A corresponding cash book is CF12/2. Extent: Foliated 1-62 and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 125. CF8/4 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1764, June 9-1765, Dec 31 Extent: Foliated 1-71 and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 129. CF8/5 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1766, Jan 1-1767, July 15 Extent: Foliated 1-52 and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 136. CF8/6 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1767, July 15-1768, Dec 31 Extent: Foliated 1-43 and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 144. CF8/7 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1767, July 15-1768, Dec 31 Extent: 32 ff. (foliated 44-75). Finding aid: The volume is indexed in CF8/6. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 145. CF8/8 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1769, Jan 1-June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-42 (f. 40 is blank) and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 148. CF8/9 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1769, July 1-1770, June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-57 (ff. 10, 13, 29-30 and 54-57 are blank) and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 151. CF8/10 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1770, July 1-1771, June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-53 (ff. 4-5, 11 and 52 are blank and there are two folios numbered 48) and 13 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 153. CF8/11 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1771, July 1-1772, June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-58 (ff. 9, 18, 27-28, 35-36, 46, 48 and 50-58 are blank) and 6 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 155. Notes: Includes an enclosure relating to stock in cellars, 30 June 1772. CF8/12 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1772, July 1-1773, Nov 24 Extent: Foliated 1-59 (ff. 9, 39, and 51-59 are blank and there is no folio numbered 38) and 6 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 157. CF8/13 Ledger of general accounts England and India, 1773, Nov 25-1774, Dec 31 Extent: Foliated 1-80 (many blank) and 7 ff of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 160. CF9 Ledgers of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766 Scope and content: Ledgers corresponding to the first two journals in CF3 with the entries arranged under appropriate headings. Related units: A single cash book corresponding to the ledgers is CF13. Extent: 2 vols. CF9/1 Ledger of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765, May 4-1766, April 30 Extent: Foliated 1-25 and 1 f. of index. Finding aid: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 131. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger A'. CF9/2 Ledger of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1766, May 1-Dec 31 Extent: Foliated 1-20 and 1 f. of index. Finding aid: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 133. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger B'. CF10 Contemporary copy ledger of India accounts, 1757-1758 Scope and content: A contemporary copy, 1757-1758, of the earliest ledger of India accounts in CF7. Extent: 1 vol. CF10/1 Contemporary copy ledger of India accounts, 1757, Dec-1758, Dec Extent: Foliated 1-15. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 348. Notes: Enclosed is a loose leaf copy, 12 Nov 1759, of Clive's account with the late Captain James Barton relating to investments in ships. CF11 Account books of India accounts, 1759-1760 Scope and content: Account books, 1759-1760, containing details of Clive's finances during, and immediately subsequent to, his second period of residence in India. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. CF11/1 Accounts Current Messrs Amphlett and Fullerton, 1759, Jan-1760, Feb Scope and content: Gives details of Clive's accounts with Thomas Amphlett (his cousin) and William Fullerton (the family doctor) for the last year, 1759-1760, of his first period of office as governor of Bengal. They range from the payment and receipt of Clive's card debts, to his salary as governor, and the Company's allowances for his table expenses and for "three Publick Entertainments, viz. Gen Kings Birthday Christmas day and new years day" [1758-9]. Extent: 11 ff. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 355. Notes: Endorsed 'No 40' suggesting that it is a survivor of a much larger series. CF11/2 Raja Ram Charan's Accounts and Monthly Cash Accounts, 1759-1760 Scope and content: Contains mainly personal accounts ranging from Clive's jagir to his investments in ships. It also includes two loose accounts, the one relating to the sale by auction of Clive's goods at Calcutta, 20 Feb 1760 (the day before he sailed for England), the other, dated 5 Oct 1760, concerning the sale, between February and September 1760, of his jewellery. Physical characteristics: The front cover is detached. Extent: 7 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 353. Notes: Original title. CF12 Cash books of general accounts England, 1763-1764 Scope and content: Cash books, 1763-1764, covering the years immediately prior to Clive's last voyage to India containing personal, household and estate accounts. Related units: The corresponding journals and ledgers are CF2/1 and CF2/3 and CF8/1 and CF8/3 respectively. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. Notes: The volume covering 1 Jan-30 April 1764, which would have corresponded to the journal CF2/2 and the ledger CF8/2, is missing. CF12/1 Cash book of general accounts, 1763, Jan 1-Dec 31/a>
Extent: 45 ff.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 81.
Notes: Endorsed 'Cash Book A'.
CF12/2 Cash book of general accounts, 1764, May 1-June 9
Scope and content: Includes payments preparatory to his third voyage to India.
Extent: 8 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 124.
Notes: Endorsed 'Cash Book B'.
CF13 Cash book of Lord Clive's concerns in Bengal, 1765-1766 Scope and content: A cash book, 1765-1766, of monthly receipts and expenditure from Clive's second period as governor of Bengal which corresponds to the relevant journals and ledgers in CF3 and CF9 Extent: 1 vol.
CF13/1 Cash book of Lord Clive's Concerns in Bengal, 1765, May-1766, Dec
Extent: 40 ff.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 134.
CF14 Miscellaneous cash accounts book, 1756-1763 (lacking 1758-1761) Scope and content: A volume of miscellaneous accounts comprising a cash ledger and banker's book combined in a single volume. It includes personal accounts (clothing accessories, funeral rings, jewellery, diamonds, plate, etc.) for 1756-1757, and bank accounts with Honeywood, Fuller & Co., for 1762-1763, and pertains respectively to Clive's second periods of residence in India and England. Extent: 1 vol.
CF14/1 Miscellaneous cash accounts book, 1756, Jan-1763, July
Extent: 48 ff. of text: Foliated 1-33 (covering the earlier accounts, f. 28 is blank) and 1-15 (the later accounts).
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 30.
Scope and content: A volume, 1756-1758, of 'Bills Payable' and 'Bills Receivable' deriving from Clive's second period in India. The details, in tabular form, include the names of those by whom the bills were drawn, to whom they were payable, their date, time span, when they became due and the sum involved. Extent: 1 vol.
CF15/1 Bills book, 1756, Jan-1758, Dec
Physical characteristics: Only a thin strip of page survives between ff. 22v-23r, the remainder having been cut out.
Extent: 27 ff. (ff. 20v-27 r are inverted).
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 12.
CF16 Bundle of India current accounts, 1752-1758 Scope and content: A bundle of Clive's personal and official accounts during his stays in India between 1752 and 1758. Extent: 1 bundle.
CF16/1 India current accounts, 1752-1758
Scope and content: Original, contemporary copy and duplicate current accounts, invoices and receipts, 1752-1758, relating to Clive's transactions with fellow Company servants and other associates in India. Included are accounts with Robert Orme [Clive's partner in trade and later official historian to the East India Company], the surgeon Tyso Saul Hancock, Thomas Amphlett, George Clive [Clive's cousin], George Pigot Governor of Madras], Henry Vansittart [later to succeed Clive as governor of Bengal], Richard Bourchier [Governor of Bombay], and Captain Samuel Hough [with Clive at the surrender of the pirate stronghold of Gheria, 1756]. The accounts give details of Clive's personal and official finances (payments to his barber, washer man and tailor, his Company allowances and salary, etc.) and his mercantile and business interests (investments in diamonds and ships, etc.). The period represented by the accounts includes Clive's stay at Madras, his appointment as captain and his governorship of Fort St. David.
Arrangement: Numerical and chronological.
Extent: 25 items.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1109-1132, 1625.
_______________ CA Civil administration of Bengal, 1758-1766
Scope and content: Official papers which, although not extensive, reflect Clive's involvement in the civil administration of Bengal. They include papers relating to revenue collection, population statistics, currency reform and trade. They derive, for the most part, from Clive's two periods as governor of Bengal, 1758-1760 and 1765-1767, but relate almost exclusively to the latter. Arrangement: In three series: revenue accounts and reports, 1758, 1765-1766, establishment lists, 1766, papers relating to currency reform and trade, [c.1764]-1766. Extent: 5 vols., 1 envelope. CA1 Revenue accounts and reports, 1758, 1765-1766 Scope and content: Provincial treasury and revenue accounts and reports for the years 1758 and 1765-6. Extent: 3 vols. CA1/1 Revenue accounts and reports, 1758 Scope and content: Account of the revenues of the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa (itemised by district) taken in the year 1758 including particulars of the revenues arising from the lands 'Containing only what each Country pays for the Colsah being the Kings Rent and the Jaghire which is the Rent due on the Nabobs Lands.' Extent: 4 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1736. CA1/2 Revenue accounts and reports, 1765, Aug 18-1766, June 26 Scope and content: Treasury accounts of the province of Bihar. Extent: 7 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 352. Notes: Endorsed 'Deraigenaraine's Accounts'. CA1/3 Revenue accounts and reports, 1766, March 27-Aug Admin/biog history: The districts and revenues of Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong were ceded to the East India Company by Mir Qasim in 1760. Scope and content: Report in the form of a journal kept by Mr Graham, the resident at Midnapur, of a circuit, undertaken by him between 27 March and 30 April 1766, of the districts (described as provinces) of Midnapur and Jallasor. It gives information relating to the boundaries, extent, inhabitants, cultivation and revenue system of the constituent 'parganas' [subdivisions of a district]. Extent: 46 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 175. Notes: Endorsed '33'. CA2 East India Company establishment and non-establishment lists, 1766 Scope and content: Lists of Company servants and European civilians in Bengal in 1766. Extent: 2 folio vols. CA2/1 East India Company establishment list, 1766 Admin/biog history: The Company's covenanted servants had to be nominated by a Company director and were required to enter a covenant generally binding them to abide by Company orders, to settle their debts before leaving India and to trade in a way that did not affect the Company's monopoly. Scope and content: List of the Company's covenanted (i.e. the civil as opposed to the military) servants on the Bengal establishment in 1766 giving details of their names and employment (e.g. collector general, import warehouse keeper, chaplain, secretaries to committees, surgeons, etc.), dates of arrival (ranging from 1744 to 1765, the latter year marking the commencement of Clive's last tour of duty), station on arrival and present station, annual salary, monthly allowance, annual house rent and gratuity. Extent: 10 ff. of text. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 193. Notes: Endorsed '38'. CA2/2 List of European civilians in India, [post October 1766] Scope and content: Fair copy of British Library Eur Mss G37, box 18 being an alphabetical list, [post October 1766], of the Europeans residing in Bengal without the permission of the Company. The details given include names, dates of arrival (ranging from 1727 to 1766), the ships they came out in, abode in Bengal, occupation and country from whence came. The countries, cities and other places represented are: Antwerp, Denmark, England, France, Geneva, Germany, Glasker [Glasgow?], Greece, Guernsey, Hanover, Holland, Ireland, Italy London, North Britain, Norway, Portugal, Prussia, Savoy, Scotland, Spain, St. Helena, Sweden, Switzerland, Venice, Wales (seven entries), York, Yorkshire and one of the isles of the archipelago. Physical characteristics: Part of front cover torn and detached. Publication note: Cited in P.J. Marshall, East Indian Fortunes (The British in Bengal in the Eighteenth Century) (Oxford, 1976), pp. 22-3. Extent: 25 ff. of text. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 184 Notes: Endorsed '57'. CA3 India currency reform and trade, [c.1764]-1766 Admin/biog. history: The plan for a gold currency resulted from the scarcity of silver in Bengal in 1766. Alleged fraudulent coinage in the form of an improper rate of exchange between the silver and gold currencies was one of the charges levelled against Clive's administration in India by the parliamentary enquiry of 1772-1773. Scope and content: Official notice, 30 June 1766, relating to the establishment of a gold currency in Bengal together with a note, [c.1764], from Mr. Holt, East India House, to [Henry] Strachey relating to 'Claims on the Nabob for Restitution on account of Salt' and a draft proposal, [c.1766] concerning the prohibition of 'dastaks' (free passes for the Company's trade) to junior servants. Related units: Further papers concerning currency are in P2. Extent: 1 envelope. CA3/1 Currency reform and trade, [c.1764]-1766 Extent: 3 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1647, 1663, 1676. _______________ CB Military administration of Bengal, [c.1750s]-1771
Admin/biog. history: Clive's military service with the Company dates from the French capture of Madras in September 1746 two years after his arrival in India. Following his first commission in 1747 as an ensign in the Company's own forces, he served successively as a lieutenant and captain before being commissioned in 1755 as a lieutenant-colonel in the regular army. It was in this latter capacity that he completed his career in 1767 as commander-in-chief and Governor of Bengal. Scope and content: The group consists, for the most part, of papers, [c.1750's]-1771, connected with the general routine military administration but also includes some papers, 1756, relating to Clive's own active service. Being few in number however, they provide only a fragmentary record of his military role with little for the early years of his service and his first governorship (1758-1760), but slightly more for his second administration (1765-1767). A few papers, dated 1764 and 1771, refer to events that occurred when Clive was not in India but are, nonetheless, pertinent to his service there. Related units: A further and more comprehensive coverage of Clive's military career is in the core official correspondence in CR and CC. Arrangement: In six series: army returns, companies and casualties; army returns, Fort William and Bengal generally; establishment lists; regulations and general orders; India military campaigns; and miscellaneous military papers. Extent: 7 vols., 6 envelopes, 4 bundles, 1 file. CB1 Army returns companies and casualties, [c.1750s], 1760, 1764-1767 Scope and content: Weekly, monthly and general returns of troops, ordnance, ammunition sepoys, lascars, coolies and artificers etc. relating to the various companies making up the East India Company's army for the years [c.1750s], 1760 and 1764-1767 with the notable exception of one return [c.1757] relating to French army casualties. The companies' returns include a roll, [c.1750s], of the detachment of the Company's troops victualled by Ensign Davies at Trivady [presumably during the war in the Carnatic known also as Dupleix's war, 1749-1754], a return, 1760, of troops, etc., at Rajmahal under the command of Major John Caillaud (1724-1812), [presumably during the defence of Patna, 1759-1761], and returns, 1765-1767, of the three brigades established by Clive's reforms of the military under the commands of Sir Robert Barker, General Carnac and Colonel Richard Smith and stationed at Patna and Allahabad. There are also returns, 1764 and [1765?], of the Company's troops on board the Prince of Wales (at the Cape of Good Hope) and the Speke. The returns are mostly statistical but sometimes give the names of the troops and even their country of origin. The casualty return relates to the numbers of French killed and wounded at Chandernagore, [post 1757, March 23]. Related units: Related units: Further army returns are in CB2. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 bundle. CB1/1 Companies and casualties, [c.1750s]-1767, Jan Extent: 22 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1133-4, 1136-8, 1177, 1189. 1193-7, 1224, 1609, 1614, 1635-9, 1907. CB2 Army returns Fort William and Bengal generally, 1765-1767 Scope and content: Weekly, monthly and general returns of troops, ordnance, ammunition sepoys, lascars, coolies and artificers etc., of the garrison at Fort William, Calcutta (including its detachments to Patna and at Allahabad), and of the troops in general on the Bengal establishment during Clive's second governorship, 1765-1767. Related units: Further army returns are in CB1. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 bundles. CB2/1 Army returns Fort William and Bengal, 1765, May 3-Dec 31 Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 14 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1157-1170. CB2/2 Army returns Fort William and Bengal, 1766, Jan-Dec Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 17 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1171-1176, 1178-1188. CB2/3 Army returns Fort William and Bengal, 1767 Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 24 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1198-1223. Notes: A note with the papers indicates that one of the returns (i.e. that formerly numbered 1212) was missing on 24 July 1970. CB3 Establishment lists, 1763, [c.1765] Scope and content: Lists of existing and proposed military establishments for 1763 and [c.1765]. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 vol., 1 envelope. CB3/1 Establishment list, 1763 Scope and content: Lists of the numbers and ranks of the regiments, etc., of the British and Irish establishments of H. M. Land Forces for 1763. Extent: 1 vol., paginated 1-32. Finding aids: Indexed according to regiments. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 1. Notes: The inside of the front cover bears the name 'Hen[r]y Strachey' [i.e. Henry Strachey, Clive's secretary]. CB3/2 Proposed military establishments, [c.1765] Scope and content: Notes, memoranda, etc. relating to proposed military establishments mainly at Bengal but also at Bombay and Madras. Extent: 1 envelope (15 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1610-13, 1626. CB4 Regulations and general orders, [c.1766] Scope and content: Original and contemporary copy regulations and general orders with regard to the military, artillery and sepoys in Bengal, staff and other officers' pay and allowances, and the difference in pay between the military in the Royal Forces and the Company's service. Extent: 3 folio vols. CB4/1 Regulations and general orders, [c.1766] Extent: 5 folios. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 189. Notes: Includes a loose enclosure containing resolutions, July 1764, affecting the military, and an extract of a letter, Sept 1764, to the Commander-in-Chief of the army. CB4/2 Regulations and general orders, [c.1766] Scope and content: A contemporary copy of CB4/1. Extent: 5 folios. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 190. CB4/3 Regulations and general orders, [c.1766] Scope and content: A further contemporary copy of CB4/1 Extent: 6 folios. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 191. CB5 India military campaigns, 1756, 1764 Scope and content: Papers relating to the Bengal expedition, 1756, and to the siege of Madurah, 1764. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 file, 1 vol. CB5/1 Bengal expedition, 1756, Sept-Nov Scope and content: Papers relating to Clive's involvement in the Bengal expedition, despatched in 1756 from Madras (where he was deputy governor of Fort St. David) to Bengal to recapture Calcutta following the infamous 'Black Hole' incident. The papers include returns and an invoice of stores shipped for the expedition, Sept-Oct 1756, a warrant for the commander-in-chief to appoint courts martial and judge advocates, Oct 1756, three copies of the journal of the proceedings of the land forces commanded by Clive, Oct 1756, instructions from the Select Committee of Fort St. George to Clive, Oct 1756, and a narrative [post-Nov 1756] of the 'Quarrel re Bengal' from 9 April to 8 Nov 1756. Extent: 1 file (9 items). Related unit: Further papers relating to the expedition are NLW, Sir John Malcolm Papers M7. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1716. CB5/2 Siege of Madurah, 1764, March-Nov Scope and content: Journal containing a day-to-day account with correspondence and despatches, March-Nov 1764, relating to the siege of Madurah in the Presidency of Madras. Extent: 1 vol. Notes: Being unconnected to Bengal, it is not clear how the journal came to be amongst Clive's papers. For most of the period covered by the volume Clive was on his last voyage to India. It may have been forwarded to him for informational purposes after his arrival. It was possibly compiled by one of the participants, Major Charles Campbell, for Robert Palk, the Governor of Madras. The narrative is incomplete in that the first page begins in the middle of a sentence yet there is no evidence of missing pages. Presumably it is a continuation of a previous volume which has not survived at least in this present archive. CB6 Miscellaneous military papers, [1750s]-1771 Scope and content: Miscellaneous military papers, [1750s]-1771. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 4 envelopes, 2 vols., 1 item. CB6/1 Intelligence, communications and memoranda, etc., [1750s], 1765-1766 Scope and content: Intelligence, communications, and memoranda, etc., on a variety of matters, largely undated, but deriving from the military situation prevailing in the late 1750s and in 1765-1766 during Clive's second and third tours of duty in India. It includes the declaration, [c.1756-1757], of Francis Sykes [at the time assistant to William Watts, chief of the factory at Cossimbazar] pertaining to Kissendas/Krishna Das [an Indian trader whose protection by the English following his embezzlement of the revenues of Siraj-ud-daula, the Nawab of Bengal, contributed to the war between the latter and the East India Company] taking up residence in Calcutta, intelligence relating to the strength of Chandernagore [presumably before its capture in March 1757], Clive's statement on the undesirability of carrying arms beyond Bengal [presumably a reference to the policy of his second and last governorship commencing in 1765] and a memorandum relating to an officer's resignation during the Batta mutiny, 1766. Extent: 1 envelope (11 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1630-1631, 1642, 1652-1656, 1658, 1662. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. CB6/2 Miscellaneous correspondence and papers, [c.1756]-1759, 1763, 1765-1766 Scope and content: Miscellaneous correspondence and papers relating primarily to military, but including some civil, matters deriving from Clive's second and third periods of service, 1756-1759 and 1765-1766. The papers from the earlier period include inter alia a copy [c.1756] of the Maratha letter to Roger Drake [Governor of Bengal 1752-1758] offering assistance and recompense for losses at Calcutta, signals to be observed by ships and vessels, [ 1756-1757], duplicate correspondence and rough/'foul' minutes of a council of war concerning events prior and subsequent to Plassey, June 1757, an abstract of a letter, [post 1758], to Mr. Ives [naval surgeon] on the revolution in Bengal, a letter, 11 Oct 1759, from Clive to an unidentified addressee concerning the presence of the Dutch armament at Cinsura, and a note and receipt on the delivery of medals, 1759. Amongst papers representing the later period are duplicates of letters from Clive to members of the Calcutta council and military personnel, 1765, and a petition relating to assistance for the widow of Titus Hubbert, gunner in the 3rd Company of Artillery, 1766. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 envelope (13 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1192, 1650, 1660, 1706, 1906, 1909-11, 2081-82. CB6/3 Miscellaneous accounts, 1761-1766 Scope and content: Miscellaneous accounts comprising military expenses for Aug 1761, disbursements from the Paymaster to the second brigade, Nov 1766, and a volume of returns of Batta payments calculated in rupees and sterling [1765-1766]. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 envelope, 1 folio vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1135, 1190. CB6/4 Miscellaneous accounts, [1765-1766] Scope and content: Contains a loose leaf enclosure giving details of 'Staff to Infantry'. Extent: 1 f. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1734. CB6/5 Notes on fortifications and gunnery, [c.1765-1766] Scope and content: A volume containing geometrical problems and diagrams (some coloured) described as 'Some things in Geometry necessary to be learnt before Fortification' together with notes relating to 'Superficial Mensuration', 'Mensuration of Solids', 'Calculation of Logarithms', fortification or military architecture, and gunnery. It is undated but possibly dates from 1765 when Clive, as governor of Bengal for the last time, supervised the construction of Fort William, Calcutta. Includes a loose enclosure of Clive's mathematical studies with regard to fortifications, 1766. Extent: 36 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS. 367, Papers 1604-1605. CB6/6 Appointments, 1766, [c.1769], 1771 Scope and content: A copy of the appointment, 2 May 1766, of Anthony Polier as a major on the Bengal establishment, a note of the proposed appointment, [post March 1769], on Clive's recommendation, of Robert Wilson as a surgeon, and copies of minutes and the general letter of the Court of Directors, 10 April 1771, concerning the restoration of Sir Robert Fletcher to the service and 'the late Appointment of Mr [John] Petrie'. Extent: 1 envelope (3 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1643-1644, 1702. Notes: Sir Robert Fletcher and Mr. Petrie were two of the officers who had been cashiered by Clive for their part in the Batta mutiny 1766. CB6/7 Warrants and court martial proceedings, [1766], July 17-1766, Nov 19 Scope and content: A copy draft warrant, following a court martial held 17 July [1766], for the execution of Thomas Briggs for desertion and a copy of the proceedings of a court martial, held 19 Nov 1766, of two sepoys sentenced to dismissal and five hundred lashes respectively. Extent: 1 envelope (2 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1191, 1646. _______________ CS Calcutta government records, 1757-1768 Administrative history: Calcutta was founded as a trading settlement by Job Charnock, the Company's agent in Hughli, in 1690. In 1697 its fort (Fort William) was built to defend it and Calcutta developed into the East India Company's headquarters in Bengal. Its government was vested in a council or board and various courts of justice. Scope and content: Records of the Calcutta council and its committees, 1757-1768, and of the mayor's court (one of its courts of justice), [c.1765]-1766, dating from Clive's first and second periods as governor of Bengal (1758-1760 and 1765-1767) although his first term is only very sparsely represented. The papers for 1768 refer to matters that occupied Clive before he resigned office in 1767. Arrangement: In two groups: records of the council and its committees, and records of the mayor's court. Extent: 12 vols., 1 envelope. _______________ CSA Calcutta council and its committees, 1757-1768
Administrative history: The council's official title was the Council of Fort William, Calcutta, of which Clive, as Governor of Bengal, was the ex officio president. In 1766, during Clive's second governorship, it was composed of fourteen senior company servants. Scope and content: Consultations (i.e. minutes, resolutions and correspondence) of the council, 1765, indexes to the consultations, 1766, proceedings of the select committee, 1765, proceedings of a committee of inspection, 1766, and miscellaneous correspondence and papers (council and committees), 1757-1759, 1766-1767. Arrangement: In six series: consultations, indexes to the consultations, proceedings of the council, proceedings of the select committee, proceedings of the committee of inspection, and miscellaneous correspondence and papers. Extent:10 vols., 1 envelope. CSA1 Consultations of council, 1765 Scope and content: Extracts from the consultations (i.e. the minutes, resolutions and correspondence) of the council from May to September 1765. They relate to the appointment of field officers, the acceptance by councillors of presents from Indian princes contrary to Company regulations, a dispute concerning the powers of the select committee, and the grant of the diwani (i.e. the right to collect the revenue) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the Company, 12 Aug 1765. Extent: 1 folio vol. CSA1/1 Consultations of council, 1765, May 6-Sept 9 Physical characteristics: Folios loosely tied. Extent: 60 ff. of text; paginated 1-30. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 286. CSA2 Index to council consultations, 1766 Scope and content: Alphabetical index to the consultations for 1766, the consultations themselves not being present. In addition to references to individual persons and places, there are entries headed inter alia company servants, Europe ships, fortifications and repair, hospital, import warehouse keeper, military, paymasters, president, rents and revenues, salt farms, surgeons, treasury and zamindar (collector of revenue). Extent: 1 folio vol. Notes: Endorsed '34', suggesting that it is a sole survivor of a series of similar indexes, and with the note: 'NB. No regard must be had to the Pageing of this Index as it was intended for a Separate Sett'. CSA2/1 Index to consultations, 1766. Extent: 79 ff. of text (some blank). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 192. CSA3 Proceedings of the council, 1768 Scope and content: Duplicates of proceedings (i.e. minutes, resolutions, etc. as in the consultations) of the board meeting, held 1 Feb 1768 and devoted exclusively to the dispute surrounding the gift made in 1767 to Clive (or his successor as governor of Bengal) of the ship Tetenbien belonging to the King of Pegu [in Burma]. Custodial history: The note endorsed on both volumes indicate that Clive, having returned to England, received both duplicates by the Admiral Pocock on 10 Oct 1768. Extent: 2 folio vols. CSA3/1 Proceedings of the council, 1768, Feb 1 Extent: 22 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 287. Notes: Endorsed 'No 1'. CSA3/2 Proceedings of the council, 1768, Feb 1 Extent: 10 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 288. CSA4 Proceedings of the select committee, 1765 Administrative history: During Clive's second governorship (1765-1767) a select committee was composed of himself and his own nominees and friends. The East India Company intended it as a compromise measure to prevent Clive from acting independently of the council, but at the same time vested the power he required in the committee. Theoretically, the committee's brief was 'to restore Peace and Tranquillity to the Company's Affairs in Bengall' after which its authority was to devolve to the council. In reality, Clive did act independently of the council, using the committee to effect his reforms, and continued to use it as Calcutta's main governing body even after peace had been achieved. Scope and content: Duplicates of the proceedings of the committee from its constitution on 7 May 1765 to 7 September 1765. Extent: 4 folio vols. CSA4/1 Proceedings of the select committee, 1765, May 7-1765, June 11 Scope and content: Includes an inaugural letter of Clive stating his objectives for the committee, orders for the recall of 'Free Merchants' and 'Europeans not immediately in the Company's Service' who are residing 'up the Country', letters received from and despatched to General Carnac and others concerning military and financial matters and the establishment of peace, depositions and a letter (translated from Persian) relating to the presents received by various councillors from the Nawab. Extent: 22 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 289. Notes: Endorsed '50' and 'Duplicate No. 1'. CSA4/2 Proceedings of the select committee, 1765, June 11-1765, June 21 Scope and content: Includes a reference to 'the plan of regulations for conducting the country government' of the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Extent: 18 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 290. Notes: Endorsed '51' and 'Duplicate No. 2'. CSA4/3 Proceedings of the select committee, 1765, June 21-1765, Aug 10 Scope and content: Includes letters to and from Clive in the field and a detailed plan for the Society of Trade formally established on 10 Aug 1765. Extent: 22 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 291. Notes: Endorsed '52' and 'Duplicate No. 3'. CSA4/4 Proceedings of the select committee, 1765, Aug 10-1765, Sept 7 Scope and content: Includes further letters from Clive and other members of the committee in the field concerning Indian politics. Extent: 22 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 292. Notes: Endorsed '53' and 'Duplicate No. 4'. CSA5 Proceedings of the committee of inspection, 1766 Administrative history: The committee of inspection was appointed at the instigation of Clive to examine the work of the civil and military departments in Calcutta and to draw up rules for the proper execution of the cognate public offices. It first met on 18 March 1766. Scope and content: Proceedings of the committee from its constitution on 18 March 1766 to 6 Nov 1766, including reports and accounts of officers such as the military Paymaster General containing abstracts of pay to sepoys, lascars, artificers and coolies, returns of casualties, a list of assistants and servants employed in the fort, charges relating to repairs and merchandize and particulars of marine disbursements. Extent: 1 folio vol. CSA5/1 Proceedings of the committee of inspection, 1766, March 18-Nov 6 Physical characteristics: Front cover torn and all but detached. Extent: 58 ff. (some blank). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 182. Scope and content: Copy, duplicate and draft correspondence and papers, 1757-1759, 1765-1767 relating to the council and committee business. It includes a copy of Clive's general letter to the Company replying to the criticisms of its directors, Dec 1759, papers relating to the arbitrary confinement of Indians, the receipt of presents by councillors [c.1766], and Clive's departure from Bengal, Jan 1767, copy agreements, 1765-1766, relating to the trade in salt and betel-nut, a list of the letters, dated 1757-1758, sent in the Company's secret committee's packet to the select committee at Fort William and communications, 1759 and 1763, between the Fort William council and the chiefs at Luckipor. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 vol., 1 envelope. CSA6/1 Miscellaneous correspondence and papers of the Calcutta council and committees, 1757, Nov 20-1767, Jan 20 Extent: 12 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: apers 1037, 1608, 1629, 1737, 1912, 1913, 1908, 1904, 1914. Previous number in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked Clive of India, un-numbered. _______________ CSB Records of the Calcutta mayor's court, [c.1765]-1766
Administrative history: Mayors' courts were established by royal charter to strengthen the administration of British justice in the Company's various settlements in India, the court at Calcutta having been established by the charter of 1726 (revised in 1753). It appointed a mayor and nine aldermen to act as judges in civil cases and was also empowered to grant probate and exercise testamentary jurisdiction. It was superseded by the Supreme Court established by Act of Parliament in 1774. Scope and content: Records, [c.1765]-1766, relating to the court's charter and its meetings. Arrangement: In two series: charter and proceedings. Extent: 2 vols. CSB1 East Indies courts of justice charter, [c.1765] Scope and content: A manuscript copy, [c.1765], of the charter of 8 Jan 1753 (26 George 11) establishing courts of justice in the East Indies concluding with (pp. 75-80) a special reference to the Calcutta court in the form of a 'Table to the Charter so far as Relates to the Mayors Court'. Extent: 1 vol. CSB1/1 Charter, [c.1765] Extent: Paginated 1-74, continued 75-80. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 194. Notes: Endorsed '15'. CSB2 Proceedings of the mayor's court, 1766 Scope and content: A copy, 20 Oct 1766, of the proceedings of a meeting of the court held on 1 Oct 1766 devoted exclusively to the public oath and bond taken and executed by Clive as governor to refrain from engaging in trade and sworn as a precedent to future governors. They bear the seal of the court and the signatures of James Lister, the mayor, and John Holme, the register. Extent: 1 folio vol. Notes: The proceedings record what proved to be the last public act of Clive's Indian service. CSB2/1 Proceedings, 1766, Sept 19-Oct 20 Scope and content: Enclosed is a loose copy, 19 Sept 1766, of Clive's minute in committee proposing the foregoing oath in return for a commission of 1 1/8 per cent on the revenues. Extent: 6 ff.; 1 loose item. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 195 and Papers 1627. Notes: Endorsed '39'. _______________ CD East India Company records, 1752-1772
Administrative history:The Company was incorporated by letters patent of Queen Elizabeth I in 1600 and was finally dissolved in 1874 although it had effectively ceased to function in 1858 when the administration of India was transferred from the Company to the British government. Regulated by successive royal charters and acts of parliament, the Company developed from a purely joint stock trading company to a major territorial and military power in southern Asia. From its London headquarters at East India house, the day-to-day management of its affairs was vested in a large body of shareholders (the Court of Proprietors) and a smaller body of directors (the Court of Directors). Scope and content: Contemporary copies of official company records comprising charters, [c.1753-c.1758], treatises, farmans, agreements, [c.1757-post 1765, Sept], and account books, 1752-1772. Language: English, Persian. Arrangement: In three series: charters; treaties, farmans, agreements, etc., and account books. Extent: 6 vols. Scope and content: Copies, [c.1753-c.1758] of charters granted to the Company between 1753 and 1758 and of official correspondence relating to charters dating from 1727. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. CD1/1 Charters, [c.1753] Scope and content: Copies made in 1753 of the parts of the Company's general letters of 1727, 1729, 1731 and 1739 (including an extract from the book of instructions for the execution of the charter of 1753) addressed to the presidencies of Fort William, [Calcutta], and Fort St. George [Madras], concerning the procedure to be followed in the mayor's courts established by the initial and revised charters of 17 Feb 1727 and 8 Jan 1753, respectively. Related units: Records of the mayor's court, Calcutta, are in CSB. Extent: Foliated 1-16. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1708. Notes: Endorsed 'No 1'. CD1/2 Charters, [c.1758] Scope and content: Printed copies of three charters granted to the Company on 8 Jan 1753, 19 Sept 1757, and 1758. They relate to the establishment of a military force and courts of justice in the East Indies and the granting to the Company of a moiety of the plunder and booty taken in consequence of its wars against the French and the Indian princes. The charter of 19 Sept 1757 makes special reference to Siraj-ud-daula's capture of Calcutta (20 June 1756). Extent: paginated 1-50. Binding: Bound in mottled calf with gold tooling. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 365. Finding aids: Indexed. CD2 Treaties, farmans and agreements, [c.1757-post-1765, Sept] Scope and content: Copies, [c.1757-post 1765, Sept], of formal documents (i.e. treaties, farmans and agreements, etc.) entered into by the East India Company. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. CD2/1 Treaties, farmans and agreements, [c.1757-post-1765, Sept 15] Scope and content: Contemporary copies, [c.1765] of the Treaty of Peace executed at Allahabad, 16 Aug 1765, and of related farmans (imperial grants) and agreements, etc., 24 July-15 Sept 1765, whereby the Mughal Emperor granted to the Company the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, acknowledged its right to its possessions in the Carnatic and the northern Circars (provinces) and confirmed Clive in his jagir. Included is 'A Narrative of Facts' (pp. 28-41) being an account of the Anglo-Indian relations prevailing during the governorships of Henry Vansittart (1760-1764) and John Spencer (Nov 1764-May 1765) prior to Clive's arrival in Bengal in May 1765. Extent: paginated 1-42. Language: One enclosure in English and Persian. Physical characteristics: Back cover torn and detached. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 183 and Papers 1048. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked Clive of India, un-numbered. Notes: Endorsed '47 Copies of the Treaty of Peace, Firmans Agreements Etc. from No 1. to [14] inclusive'. Enclosed are two loose copy agreements, [c.1757] and 1758, concerning respectively Mir Jafar's supply of horsemen and the governance of Surat. CR1/2 ?????? Scope and content: Duplicate of CD2/1 except that it contains, as part of the text and as a loose enclosure, an additional copy document numbered 15 being a 'Translation of the Mutchulca ('muchilka' [obligation]) of the Dewanny Sunnud (diwani sanad [revenue collection grant document]) for Lord Clive's Jagheer (jagir [landholding])'. Extent: 16 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 51. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', unnumbered. Notes: Endorsed '29 (Duplicate) not to be sent'. CD3 Company account books, 1767-1770 Scope and content: Copies and abstracts of accounts and financial estimates, etc., compiled from the Company's official books by officers in London between Jan 1767 and Nov 1770. The actual accounts together with projections, however, date from 1752 to 1772. They include accounts of the duties paid on East India goods, the value of exports, the expenses connected with the Company's settlements, its sundry expenses incurred on account of the wars in the East Indies from 1754 to 1766, its use and victualling of royal forces, the sums granted to it by Parliament, the state of its debts and credits, and an estimate of cargoes and details of its revenues from Bengal and other districts. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. Notes: The fact that Clive had resigned the Company's service and left for England in January 1767 when the first of the copies were made, possibly suggests that they were compiled or used as evidence to the parliamentary enquiry of 1772-1773 which looked into Clive's management of affairs in Bengal. CD3/1 Company account book, 1767-1770 Scope and content: Copies and abstracts of projected accounts, 1752-1771 Extent: Foliated 1-102. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 31. CD3/2 Company account book, 1762-1770 Scope and content: Copies and abstracts of projected accounts, 1762-1772, Also includes accounts relating to excise and custom on tea, the sale of goods, the number of ships with amounts of their cargoes and copy minute of a meeting of the Court of Directors, 6 Dec 1769, recording the Company's proposals, to the Treasury (projected to July 1772) concerning the deficiencies of the duties on tea. Extent: 17 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 122. _______________ CE Jagir papers, 1758-1767
Administrative history: The jagir was the annuity of 300,000 Rupees or £27,000 granted to Clive in 1759 by Mir Jafar, the Nawab of Bengal, as a reward for his services in defending Bengal against the attacks of the Shahzadah [son of the Emperor]. Based on the land revenues that Mir Jafar received from the Company for the district around Calcutta, the jagir substantially increased Clive's personal fortune but became a bone of contention between himself and the Court of Directors. Scope and content: Original grant of the jagir together with deeds and correspondence, 1758-1767, relating to its subsequent administration. Arrangement: In three series: original grant and related papers, deeds and correspondence. Extent: 2 bundles, 1 vol. CE1 Jagir grant and related papers, 1758-1761 Scope and content: Original perwannah [grant], June 1759, of Clive's jagir together with a translation and 'copies of other papers, [1758-1761], relative to the transactions in Bengal'. Language: Persian, English. Extent: 1 bundle. CE1/1 Jagir grant and related papers, 1758-1761 Physical characteristics: The grant is preserved in its original red cloth bag. Scope and content: Extent: 2 items. Previous reference in Powis 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. Scope and content: An agreement, 16 May 1764, and a grant, 4 Nov 1767, made between Clive and the East India Company concerning his right to and extension of his jagir. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 bundle. CE2/1 Jagir Deeds, 1764, 1767 Extent: 2 items. Previous reference in Powis 1990 Deposit: From box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. CE3 Jagir correspondence, 1767 Scope and content: A notebook/letter book containing nine letters, each dated 3 Oct 1767, from Clive at Walcot to individual Company directors to thanking them for supporting the motion at the General Court for the extension of his jagir. Extent: 1 vol. CE3/1 Jagircorrespondence, 1767, Oct 3 Extent: 9 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 26. _______________ CG Acquired India papers, 1727-[c.1763]
Scope and content: Papers, 1727-1729, 1757-[c.1763], of Company servants who served before and during Clive's time in India comprising the journals of Henry Harnett, 1727-1729, ledgers of Henry Harnett, 1727, voyage journals of Henry Doidge and others, 1757-1759, and papers of William Dobbins, [c.1760-c.1763]. Custodial history: Apart from the occasional internal reference, the presence of the papers is not generally explained other than that Clive presumably acquired or inherited them either in a personal or official capacity during his own service in India. Arrangement: In four series: journals of Henry Harnett, ledgers of Henry Harnett, voyage journals of Henry Doidge and others, and papers of William Dobbins. Extent: 7 vols., 1 envelope. CG1 Journals of Henry Harnett, 1727-1729 Scope and content: Journals of the 'State of Affairs and Accounts' of Henry Harnett of Calcutta, a Company servant, continued presumably by his executors after his death in 1727. The journals contain details of his personal accounts, his respondentia loans secured on ships' cargoes and his interests (described as 'adventures') in internal trade. The journals cover the years from 1727 to 1729, but the earliest transactions date back to 1725. Extent: 3 folio vols. Publication note: The journals cited in P.J. Marshall, East Indian Fortunes (Oxford, 1976), p. 109. CG1/1 Journal of Henry Harnett, 1727, May-Oct Physical characteristics: Front cover broken and detached. Extent: Paginated 1-26. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 358. CG1/2 Journal of Henry Harnett, 1727, Oct-1728, Oct Extent: Paginated 1-56. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 359. CG1/3 Journal of Henry Harnett, 1728, Nov-1729, Oct Extent: Paginated 1-20. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 362. CG2 Ledgers of Henry Harnett, 1727 Scope and content: Ledgers corresponding to the journals in CG1. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 folio vols. CG2/1 Ledger of Henry Harnett, 1727 Extent: Foliated 1-30. Outsize vol. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 360. CG2/2 Ledger of Henry Harnett, 1727 Extent: Foliated 1-37. Outsize vol. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 361. CG2/3 Ledger of Henry Harnett, 1727 Extent: 16 ff of text. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 363. CG3 Voyage journal of Henry Doidge and others, 1757-1759 Scope and content: A fair copy journal, 1757-1759, containing a daily account of a passage by sea and land from Bengal to England undertaken by Henry Doidge, Edward Ives [secretary and naval surgeon respectively to Admiral Watson], and John Pye [presumably Captain Pye who, with the others, accompanied Clive on the expedition to Bengal, 1756-1757]. It also records the various legs or stages of the journey e.g. 'Between Bengal and Bombay', 'In the Gulph of Persia', 'Sailing up the River Euphrates', and 'Between Venice and England' and the 'Money laid out' during the passage. Custodial history: The papers of Clive's attorneys in Group A show that the journal was forwarded by them from England to Clive in India as part of a packet of books and pamphlets in May 1766. Extent: 1 vol. CG3/1 Voyage journal of Henry Doidge and others, 1757, Nov 19-1759, Feb 18 Extent: 1 cm of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 177. CG4 Papers of William Dobbins, [c.1760-c.1763] Scope and content: Papers, [c.1760-c.1763], of William Dobbins [an east India Company servant?] comprising his current account with the Nawab and a list of persons 'who lent money to William Dobbins when in Nabob's Service'. Extent: 1 envelope. CG4/1 Papers of William Dobbins, [c.1760-1763] Extent: 2 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1607, 1615. _______________ E Estate administration, 1761-1780
Scope and content: Financial and administrative records, 1763-1780, relating to the running of Clive's estates in Wales, England and Ireland, although not all of his properties are represented. Related papers: Further and a more substantial group of estate papers are in Shropshire Archives and amongst the papers of Clive's attorney, John Ashby, in National Archives, C109. Arrangement: In six groups: general estate; 1766-1768, Usk/Trelleck estate, 1767-1771, Walcot estate, 1763-1766, Montford and Oakly Park estates, [c.1768]-1773, Okehampton estate, 1771-1778, Claremont estate, 1771-1780. Extent: 2 boxes. Notes: Includes some material which post-dates Clive's death in 1774. Scope and content: Records, 1766-1768, relating to the stewardship of the estates in general, but with particular reference to the estates in England and Ireland, comprising stewards' journals, 1766-1768, and stewards' ledgers, 1766-1768. Arrangement: In two series: stewards' journal and stewards' ledger. Extent: 2 vols. EG1 Stewards' journal, 1766-1768 Scope and content: The first, and apparently the only surviving, journal of a series of journals which, according to internal evidence, comprised at least six volumes. It gives details of the sums received and expended by Thomas Wingfield and Caleb Powell, stewards, respectively, of the Shropshire and Irish estates. Although the details pertain officially to the two years from December 1766 to December 1768, the earliest entry refers to an account dating back to 1764. The accounts relate to rents and outgoings, annuities (annuitants named), repairs (tradespersons named), taxes, general expenses, tenants' arrears and general books. The journal includes two loose accounts, one of rents of the Shropshire estates, 1763-1767, the other of receipts and expenses, 1766-1767, connected with Walcot mansion and demesne submitted to Mr. Wingfield by John Coston. Related units: Further papers relating to Walcot are in EW. Extent: 1 vol. EG1/1 Stewards' journal, 1766, Dec 31-1768, Dec 31 Extent: 26 ff.; paginated 1-51. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 137, Papers 1232 (Coston's loose accounts). Notes: Endorsed 'Stewards Books Journal A Commencing the 31st. Decr. 1766 and terminating the 31 December 1768'. EG2 Stewards' ledger, 1766-1768 Scope and content: A ledger, 1766-1768, corresponding to the journal EG1/1. Presumably this also represents the only surviving volume of a series of similar ledgers. Finding aids: Indexed. Extent: 1 vol. Notes: Includes two loose papers, one of accounts, the other relating to a lease concerning Lady Townshend. EG2/1 Stewards' ledger, 1766, Dec 31-1768, Dec 31 Extent: Foliated 1-36; 12 ff. of index. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 138, Papers 1700. Notes: Endorsed 'Stewards Books Trial Balance 31 December 1768'. EU Usk/Trelleck estate, 1767-1772 Scope and content: Financial and administrative records, 1767-1772, relating to Clive's estates in Monmouthshire which he purchased from Lord Windsor and others in the late 1760s and sold to the Duke of Beaufort in 1772, comprising rentals, 1768-1770; particulars, 1767, 1770-1771; draft surveys and valuations, [c.1770], field books, [c.1770], rough buildings and repairs accounts; [c.1770], and papers relating to purchase, sale and estate appointments, 1767-1772. Arrangement: In six series: rentals, rough particulars and abstracts of particulars, draft surveys and valuations, field books, rough buildings and repairs accounts, and papers relating to purchase, sale and estate appointments. Extent: 11 vols., 4 files. Scope and content: Rentals, 1768-1770, of cottages and other properties in the lordships of Usk and Trelleck in the town of Usk and the parishes of Glasgoed, Llanbadog, Usk town, Llanfihangel Pont-y-moel, Gwehelog, Llandenni, Llanishen, Llangofen, Llanwynno, Llan-soe, Llanfihangel Torymynydd, Gwernesi, Dingestow, Llantrissent, Trostre, Wolvesnewton, Pen-allt, Llandogo, Tintern, Trelleck, Mitchell Troy, Cwmcarfan, Usk, Llangyfiw, Llan-gwm, Cilgwrwg, and Penclawdd giving names of landlords and tenants, the name (including field names), extent, and location (by parish) of the property, its value, observations/remarks on its 'quality' (i.e. condition, physical characteristics and use) and the amount of rent payable. Related units: Further rents are in EU2. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 vols. EU1/1 Rentals, 1768-1770 Scope and content: Includes details of outgoings. Related unit: The rental includes a column headed 'Snells Letters' which contains references corresponding to those given in EU4/1. Physical characteristics: The front cover is illustrated with a pen and ink fishing/boating scene. Extent: 16 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 7. Notes: Endorsed 'Lord Clive's Monmouthshire Est.' EU1/2 Rentals, 1770 Scope and content: Includes details of the burgage rents for the town and borough of Usk, arranged by street (ff. 17r-23r). Extent: 36 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 6. Notes: Endorsed 'Chief and Cottage Rents'. EU1/3 Rentals, [c.1770] Scope and content: Includes outgoings for the lordship of Usk and commencement dates of leases going back to the 1740s. Extent: 103 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 28. EU2 Rough particulars and abstracts of particulars 1767, 1770-1771 Scope and content: Particulars, 1767-1771, of the lordships of Usk and Trelleck giving names of landlords and tenants, the name (including field names), extent, and location (by parish) of the property, its value, observations/remarks on its 'quality' (i.e. condition, physical characteristics and use) and the amount of rent payable and contain details similar to those given in the rentals EU1. They pertain collectively to the lordships of Usk and Trelleck, the manor of Troy, the Usk Castle demesne, Trelleck demesne, and estates bought of sundry persons by Lord Clive since his general purchase of Lord Windsor's estate. Extent: 4 vols., 2 original files, 1 envelope. EU2/1 Particulars, 1767, Dec Physical characteristics: The covers are detached and there are several loose folios. Extent: 1 vol. (52 ff.). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1622. EU2/2 Particulars, 1770 Scope and content: Including rents for the lordship and borough of Usk arranged by street which are continued in EU2/3. Extent: 1 vol. (38 ff. of text). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1618. EU2/3 Particulars, 1770 Physical characteristics: Damaged by rodents but the text is not significantly impaired. Both covers have become detached. Extent: 1 vol. (24 ff.). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1617. EU2/4 Particulars, 1770 Extent: 1 file (13 leaves: original tie); text inverted on the back of each leaf from 1-12. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1619. Notes: Endorsed 'Rough Particular of Lord Clive's Monmouthshire Estates'. EU2/5 Particulars, 1770 Extent: 1 vol. (103 ff.). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 8. Notes: Endorsed 'Usk & Trelleck Lordships'. EU 2/6 Particulars, 1770 Extent: 1 envelope (2 loose leaves folded to form 8 pp.). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1684. EU2/7 Particulars, 1770-1771 Scope and content: Includes an estimate of masonry, carpentry and tiling work to be done at Usk Castle. Extent: 1 file (3 leaves: original tie). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1620. EU3 Draft survey and valuations, [c.1770] Scope and content: A draft survey and a valuation of the Usk/Trelleck estate, [c.1770] Extent: 2 vols. EU3/1 Draft survey. [c.1770] Scope and content: A draft survey, [c.1770], of the lordships of Usk and Trelleck giving details of boundaries, constituent parishes, courts, the lord's dues and tolls of markets and fairs, etc. Extent: 3 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1697. EU3/2 Valuations, [c.1770] Scope and content: A detailed valuation of the estates of the late Lord Windsor purchased by Clive at Lady Day 1768 under a decree of the Court of Chancery and of other estates purchased by him in Monmouthshire. It includes the rents payable for 1759 (when Mr. Morris purchased the estate), for 1768 (when Clive purchased it), for 1769, and the proposed rents for 1770. There are also sections relating to annual and immediate disbursements and new purchases. Extent: 36 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1623. Scope and content: A field book [c.1770], containing references to lands in the lordships of Usk and Trelleck. It gives the reference number, name, location and acreage of the property and the name of the holder of the tenure. Related units: For corresponding references see Extent: 1 vol. Notes: Endorsed 'Snells Field Book'. EU4/1 Field book, [c.1770] Extent: Foliated 1-10, continued 11-14. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 39. EU5 Rough buildings and repairs accounts, [c.1770] Scope and content: A volume of accounts, [c.1770], giving details of the physical condition of estate properties with estimated costs of repairs. Extent: 1 vol. EU5/1 Rough buildings and repairs accounts, [c.1770] Extent: 8 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1621. EU6 Papers relating to purchase, sale and estate appointments, etc., 1767-1772 Scope and content: Papers, 1767-1772, relating to the conveyance of the estate (including a copy agreement, 6 Jan 1772, for its sale to the Duke of Beaufort) together with the appointments, 8 July 1768, of a chief steward and a constable of the castles of Usk and Trelleck. Extent: 1 envelope. Publication note: Notes: EU6/1 Papers relating to purchase, sale and estate appointments, etc., 1767-1772 Extent: 8 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1693, 1624. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From box marked 'Clive of India'. Scope and content: Papers relating to the Walcot estate. Related material: Further papers relating to the estate, 1774-1779, are National Archives, C109, Boxes 74, 76. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 9 items, 1 vol. EW1 Papers relating to purchase and sale, joinery work and renovations, 1763-1766 Scope and content: Papers relating to the purchase and sale of the Walcot estate, 1763-1766, which Clive purchased from the Walcot family in 1763, together with papers relating to joinery work and renovations on the estate in Shropshire and Radnorshire, 1763. Related material: Further papers relating to the estate, 1774-1779, are National Archives, C109, Boxes 74, 76. Arrangement: By subject. Extent: 9 items, 1 vol. EW1/1 Purchase and sale, 1763-1764, 1766 Scope and content: Articles of agreement, 1763, concerning the purchase of the estate, Clive's proposals thereon [c.1763], and an account, 1764, of the notes of hand given by him to Mr. Walcot, together with a printed notice, Sept 1766, of the sale, on 27 Oct 1766, of the manor of Myndtown and two farms in Myndtown, co. Salop. Extent: 6 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1678 (notice of sale). Previous reference in Powis 1990 Deposit (Clive of India Papers) Summary List: Bundle 35 in box marked 'Clive of India' (purchase documents). EW1/2 Joiners' day book, 1765, Aug 17-Dec 14/a>
Scope and content: A volume of monthly accounts, Aug-Oct 1765, of day work done by joiners together with their names and signatures/marks for payments received between Sept and Dec 1765.
Physical characteristics: There is evidence of some twenty folios having been cut away.
Extent: 12 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 88.
EW1/3 Papers relating to renovations, 1763-1765
Scope and content: Orders, 1765, for payment in connection with renovations to Walcot under the direction of the architect, Sir William Chambers (1726-1796) together with a letter, 1763, relating to palings at Styche and the question of their removal to Walcot.
Extent: 3 items.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1671-1672.
Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered.
ED Okehampton estate, [pre-1767], 1771-1778 Scope and content: Rentals, 1771-1778, of estates in and near the borough of Okehampton, Devon, which Clive purchased from Thomas Pitt, M.P. for the borough, and from John Hippisley Coxe following his final return from India in 1767, and a survey. The rentals, beginning in 1771, extend to 1778, and post-date Clive's death (1774) reflecting the work of Clive's trustees. The survey relates to the period of Thomas Pitt's ownership of the estate and is pre-1767. Arrangement: In five series: original rentals, duplicate rentals, Cox estate rentals, Cox estate duplicate rentals, and survey.
Extent: 16 vols.
ED1 Original rentals, 1771-1777 Scope and content: Rentals, 1771-1777, giving the names of tenants and descriptions of their 'places and holdings'. Related material: Rentals, 1772-1773, is in National Archives, C109, Box 75.
Arrangement: Chronological.
Extent: 5 vols.
ED1/1 Original rental, 1771-1772
Scope and content: Includes details of casual profits and disbursements.
Physical characteristics: Original gathering tied and sealed to form a volume.
Extent: Foliated 1-10.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 104.
Notes: Endorsed 'No. 1. Rental by John Probert, Okehampton Estate'.
ED1/2 Original rental, 1772-1773
Scope and content: Includes a loose enclosure relating to the representation of Okehampton, 29 Jan 1773.
Extent: 9 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 106.
Notes: Endorsed 'No. 2. Rental by John Luxmoore Receiver for Okehampton Estate'.
ED1/3 Original rental, 1773-1775
Scope and content: Rental, 1773-1774, and accounts, 1775, between the trustees and executors of the late Lord Clive and Mr. Luxmoore for sundry expenses and disbursements (ff. 10v-11r).
Extent: 11 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 110.
Notes: Endorsed 'No. 3. Rental by John Luxmoore Receiver for Okehampton Estate'.
ED1/4 Original rental, 1774-1776
Extent: 23 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 113.
Notes: Endorsed 'Rental of Okehampton Estate purchased of Mr. Thos Pitt No. 4 & 5'.
ED1/5 Original rental, 1776-1779
Scope and content: Rental, 1776-1779, and seven loose leaves of accounts and correspondence, 1775-1779, between Mr. Luxmoore and the trustees of the late Lord Clive.
Physical characteristics: The edges of the folios and some of the loose leaves have been damaged by rodents.
Extent: 10 ff. of text, 7 loose leaves.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 117.
Notes: Endorsed 'No. 6 Rental of Okehampton Estate purchased of Thomas Pitt'.
ED2 Duplicate rentals, 1772-1776 ED2 has been ommitted from this online collection as it is a duplicate of ED1 ED3 Cox estate, Okehampton, rentals, 1773-1778 Scope and content: Original and fair copy rentals, 1773-1778, of one fourth part of an estate in Okehampton purchased by Clive from Mr. John Hippisley Cox in Michaelmas 1773. Arrangement: Chronological by type, the originals preceding the copies.
Extent: 3 vols.
Notes: Endorsed 'Rental of Okehampton Estate purchased of Mr. John Hippisley Coxe'.
ED3/1 Original rental, 1773-1776
Physical characteristics: The back cover has been slightly damaged by rodents.
Extent: 16 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 115.
ED3/2 Original rental, 1776-1777
Physical characteristics: The edges of the folios have been damaged by rodents resulting in the loss of text.
Extent: 6 ff. of text.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 118.
ED3/3 Original rental, 1777-1778
Extent: 8 ff.
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 107.
Notes: Endorsed 'Okehampton Mr. Luxmoore's Account with Lord Clive's Trustees to Michaelmas 1778' although no such account is present.
ED4 Cox estate, Okehampton, duplicate rentals, 1773-1776 Scope and content: Duplicates of ED3/1. Extent: 3 vols.
ED4/1 Duplicate rental, 1773-774 Scope and content: A survey of the estate when it was in the ownership of Thomas Pitt [pre-1767]. The details given include the names of the tenants, the tenements they hold and by whom occupied and rented, the lives in being, their ages, improved yearly rent, heriots, referred yearly rents, years purchase and computed value of Mr. Pitt's interest. Physical characteristics: Loose folios folded to form an unbound volume. Extent: 1 vol. ED5/1 Survey, [pre-1767] Extent: 12 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1603. EC Claremont estate, 1771-1780 Scope and content: Stated accounts, 1771-1774, and rebuilding accounts, 1772-1780, of the Claremont estate, near Esher, Surrey, which Clive purchased from the Duchess of Newcastle in June 1769. Arrangement: In two series: stated accounts and rebuilding accounts, 1774-1775. Extent: 7 vols., 1 file. Notes: The material that post-dates Clive's death in 1774 reflects the work of Clive's executors. EC1 Stated accounts, 1771-1774 Scope and content: Incomplete series of stated accounts, 1771-1774, relating inter alia to brewing, baking, coals and charcoal, Claremont establishment, Claremont estate, Esher bridge, labourers' and servants' wages, crops, livestock, improvement of lands, new road and enclosure, the pleasure grounds and works and repairs. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 7 vols. EC1/1 Stated accounts, 1771, July 1-1772, June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-44. Finding aid: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 45. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 4 Claremont Stated Account. EC1/2 Stated accounts, 1772, July 1-1773, June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-50, 42 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 46. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 5 Claremont Stated Account'. EC1/3 Stated accounts, 1773, July 1-1774, June 30 Extent: Foliated 1-41. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 47. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 6 Claremont Stated Account'. EC1/4 Stated accounts, 1776 Extent: 36 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 41. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 10 Claremont Accounts'. EC1/5 Stated accounts, 1777 Extent: 35 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 42. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 10 Claremont Accounts'. EC1/6 Stated accounts, 1777, Dec 31-1779, March 7 Extent: 22 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 48. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 11 Claremont Accounts'. EC1/7 Stated accounts, 1780 Extent: 37 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 49. EC2 Rebuilding accounts and papers, 1772-1780 Scope and content: Accounts, estimates, correspondence, and observations, etc., 1772-1780, relating to the rebuilding of Claremont and correspondence and papers, 1777, concerning a dispute between Clive's executors and Lancelot 'Capability' Brown whom Clive had engaged as architect. Arrangement: Original order which is not chronological. Extent: 1 file. EC2/1 Rebuilding accounts, 1772-1780 Extent: 26 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1233-1260. EL1 Papers relating to purchase, sale and appointments, 1761-1773 EL1/1 Purchase of Leigh estate, 1762 Scope and content: Papers, 1762, relating to the purchase of the Leigh estate including articles of agreement, 20 Feb 1762, and related accounts, 25 Feb-20 Oct 1762. Extent: 4 items. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. EL1/2 Purchase of Montford and Oakly Park estates, 1761-1773 Scope and content: Papers, 1761, 1764, [c.1768] and 1773, concerning purchase, sale, lettings and the appointment of a gamekeeper and steward. Extent: 6 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1677 and 852. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. _______________ H Household management, 1755-1775
Scope and content: Household account books, journals, ledgers, etc., 1755-1775, concerning the management of Clive's households which, in the broadest context, relates to members of his family as well as his staff. The group comprises: general household and personal account books, 1760-1764, clothing account book, 1760-1761, furnishings and fittings account book, 1760-1761, Condover household account book, 1762-1763, Westcomb household account book, 1769, general household and travel account book, 1771-1773, journals of house-stewards' books, 1767-1768, ledger of house-stewards' books, 1767-1768, ledgers of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1767-1774, cellar book, 1773-1775, household memoranda of Clive's French tour, 1768, inventories of Berkeley Square and other properties, 1760-[c.1770], and miscellaneous papers, 1755-[c.1770]. Related units: Further accounts relating to household/family matters are included in the core series of journals, ledgers and cash books, CF2, CF8 and CF12 respectively. Further inventories are in T. Language: Mainly English, some Latin. Arrangement: In thirteen series: general household and personal account books, clothing account books, furnishings and fittings account books, Condover household account books, Westcomb household account books, general household and travel account books, journals of house-stewards' books, ledgers of house-stewards' books, ledgers of Edward Crisp's account books, cellar books, memoranda of Clive's French tour, inventories of Berkeley Square and other properties, and miscellaneous papers. Extent: 27 vols., 1 envelope. H1 General household and personal account books, 1760-1764 Scope and content: Account books (receipts and expenditure), 1760-1764, containing original and duplicate versions of Clive's account with Henry Clive, relating to household, personal and family expenses and social engagements such as attendance at balls, concerts and plays, and visits to various coffee houses, race meetings and the pump room at Bath. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 4 vols. H1/1 General household and personal account book, 1760, Aug 1-1761, June 7 Extent: 19 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 17. Notes: Endorsed 'Accounts No. 1 & 2.' H1/2 General household and personal account book, 1761, June 9-1763, Dec 31 Scope and content: Includes a loose leaf of accounts July-Aug 1763. Extent: 28 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 18. Notes: Endorsed 'Accounts No. 4.5 & 6.' H1/3 General household and personal account book, 1761, June 9-1763, June 29 Scope and content: Duplicate of H1/2 except for account 6. Extent: 25 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 19. Notes: Endorsed 'Duplicate – Accounts No. 3 4 & 5'. H1/4 General household and personal account book, 1764, Jan 7-May 31 Extent: 3 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 20. Notes: Endorsed 'Accounts No. 7'. H2 Clothing account book, 1760-1761 Scope and content: An account book, 1760-1761, containing details of payments made to Thomas. Harris [tailor] for making clothes (materials specified) for Clive himself, for members of his family and for members of his household. Extent: 1 vol. H2/1 Clothing account book, 1760, July 12-1761, Aug 8 Extent: 7 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 21. H3 Furnishings/fittings account book, 1760-1761 Scope and content: n account book, 1760-1761, of payments totalling over £900 made to George Smith Bradshaw for furnishing Clive's houses (not identified) but probably his town houses, including that in Berkley Square. The accounts, in the form of an inventory, record the furnishings and fittings room by room and are receipted for £800 by G.S. Bradshaw on 8 Aug 1761. The work and costs involved are described in a separate 'Jobbing Account' (pp. 11-14). Extent: 1 vol. H3/1 Furnishings/fittings account book, 1760, Aug 15-1761, Aug 8 Extent: 7 ff.; paginated 1-15. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 40. H4 Condover household account book, 1762-1763 Scope and content: An account book, 1762-1763, of Thomas Kilvert [house steward] at Condover Hall (an Elizabethan mansion and the seat of the Owen family five miles south of Shrewsbury) which Clive rented in 1761. It includes payments in respect of tradesmen's bills, servants' wages and window tax for the hall and the house in Shrewsbury. Also includes a loose letter, 30 May 1763, from Clive concerning the engagement of a 'famous Cook' and a man who understands fireworks to celebrate Plassey Day (23 June 1757). Extent: 1 vol. H4/1 Condover household account book, 1762, Oct 24-1763, July 7 Extent: 4 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 11. H5 Westcomb household account book, 1769 Scope and content: An account book giving details of the first half year's payments for 1769 in respect of the household at Westcomb, a villa near Blackheath, London, belonging to the Duke of Bolton, which Lady Clive had rented when Clive was serving his last period in India, 1765-1767. Arrangement: In separate sections for housekeeping, servants, contingent expenses, children's expenses, travelling expenses, stable expenses, pocket expenses, liquors, wearing apparel, farming and gardening, and taxes at Westcomb and in London. There are enclosures, 1767-1769, containing details of servants' pay and board wages, liveries to servants and lists of servants. Extent: 1 folio vol. H5/1 Westcomb household account book, 1769, Jan 1-June 30 Extent: 54 ff.; paginated 1-100, continued 101-108. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 146. H6 General household and travel account book, 1771-1773 Scope and content: An account book giving details of payments made in 1771 with regard to the use of house at Bath (presumably Lord Chatham's former house in the Circus at Bath of which Clive had bought the lease), the furniture at Oakly Park, servants' wages and journeys to Bath, Walcot and Bristol. Extent: 1 vol. H6/1 General household and travel account book, 1771, April 26-1773, Aug 7 Extent: 8 ff. of text; paginated 1-12, continued 13-15. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 22. Notes: Endorsed 'Bath Journey 1771'. H7 Journals of house-stewards' books, 1767-1768 Scope and content: The earliest and presumably the only surviving volumes of a series of general journals of house-stewards' accounts. Included are monthly payments and receipts in respect of general, house, travelling, children', stable and pocket expenses, servants wages, liquors, wearing apparel, sundry accounts and accounts of sundry persons and of Clive's journey to France in 1768. Related units: For the corresponding ledger see H8. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 folio vols. Notes: Both volumes are endorsed 'A'. H7/1 Journal of house-stewards' book, 1767, July 31-1768, June 30 Extent: 34 ff.; paginated 1-68. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 139. H7/2 Journal of house-stewards' book, 1768, June 30-1768, Dec 31 Extent: 14 ff. of text; paginated 69-95. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 140. H8 Ledger of house-stewards' books, 1767-1768 Scope and content: A ledger, 1767-1768, corresponding to the journals in H7. Extent: 1 folio vol. H8/1 Ledger of house-stewards' books, 1767, July 31-1768, Dec 31 Extent: Foliated 1-32. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 141. Finding aid: The volume is indexed. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger A'. H9 Ledgers of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1767-1774 Scope and content: Ledgers, 1767-1774, giving details of cash received and disbursed in respect of general household, personal and family expenses, each payment being accompanied by its corresponding voucher number. The properties referred to include Claremont, Walcot, Oakly Park, Styche and the Berkeley Square house. The period of the ledgers represents Clive's final years in England but amongst the disbursements are payments connected with his last voyage from India, 1767, and his tours of Europe, 1768, and, 1773-1774. With the exception of the last volume (H9/9), each ledger is consecutively numbered and entitled as above, Edward Crisp being Clive's accountant. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 9 vols. H9/1 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1767, July 15-1768, June Scope and content: From January 1768 Edward Crisp's accounts are with Clive's attorneys rather than with Clive himself because the latter was touring France. Extent: 36 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: 36 ff. of text. H9/2 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1768, July 1-1768, Dec 3 Scope and content: Until September 1768 Edward Crisp's accounts are with Clive's attorneys rather than with Clive himself because the latter was touring France. Extent: 19 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 97. H9/3 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1769, Jan 1-1769, June 30 Extent: 25 ff.; foliated 1-24, continued 25. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 98. H9/4 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1769, July 1-1770, June 30 Extent: 38 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 99. H9/5 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1770, July 1-1771, June 30 Extent: 36 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 100. H9/6 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1771, July 1-1772, June 30 Extent: 43 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 101. H9/7 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1772, July 1-1773, June 30 Extent: 35 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 102. H9/8 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1773, July 1-1774, June 30 Scope and content: The accounts include references to his tour of Italy and end with a note of a "Balance to new Book" (i.e. H9/9) of "£103 15 11”. Extent: 40 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: 40 ff. H9/9 Ledger of Edward Crisp's cash account with Lord Clive, 1774, July 1-Nov 22 Scope and content: Although not endorsed like the other ledgers this volume would appear to form the ninth in the series since it records the balance of £103 15 11 as having been continued 'from Cash Book No. 8.' (i.e. the preceding volume H9/8). The abstracts of payments for July and August refer to Clive's tour of Italy from the end of 1773 to May 1774, the latter month's account including: 'Journey to Italy...Customs & Charges on Pictures Figures & Marble tables… 64. 18. 5'. The terminal date marks the day of Clive's death. Extent: 13 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 90. Scope and content: A cellar book containing weekly accounts of the different types and amounts of wines and spirits consumed and remaining in stock between Nov 1773 and May 1775. Although various rooms are mentioned the house itself is not identified but the volume probably relates to Clive's Berkeley Square residence, since it contains references to a Mrs. Ashley who was a member of staff there at the time. The book commences virtually a year before, and finishes almost six months after, Clive's death. Extent: 1 vol (48cm. x 29cm.). H10/1 Cellar book, 1773, Nov 25-1775, May 14 Extent: 22 ff.; paginated 1-43. Outsize vol. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 368. H11 Household memoranda of Clive's French tour, 1768 Scope and content: A volume of household and other memoranda relating to Clive's tour of France which he undertook between January and September 1768. It includes lists of the baggage, plate and books that were taken, the names of family members and servants who accompanied him and details of the tour itself (names and dates of places visited with distances given in 'posts' and miles). Extent: 1 vol. H11/1 Household memoranda of Clive's French tour, 1768, Jan-Sept Extent: 16 pp. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 27. H12 Inventories of Berkeley Square and other properties, 1760, [c.1770] Scope and content: Inventories of household goods, 1760, [c.1770], and a catalogue of books at Clive's town house in Berkeley Square, 1765. Related units: For catalogues and inventories taken by Clive's executors after his death see T. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 4 vols. H12/1 Household inventory, 1760 Scope and content: Inventory of household furniture belonging to Lord Ancram at his house in Berkeley Square, 1760, which Clive, first rented, then bought. Extent: 18 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 16. H12/2 Catalogue of books at Berkeley Square, 1765, May 22 Extent: 7 ff. of text. Physical characteristics: Cover almost detached. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 15. H12/3 Inventory of Berkeley Square and other properties, [c.1770] Scope and content: Inventory [c.1770] of household furniture, etc. at Berkeley Square, Bath and Walcot. Only the contents of Walcot are valued. Extent: 12 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 77. H12/4 Inventory of Berkeley Square and other properties, [c.1770] Scope and content: Inventory and valuation [c.1770] of household goods at Condover and Berkeley Square. Extent: 11 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 80, Papers 1673-1674. Notes: Includes two loose lists [c.1770] of cutlery, plate and tableware, one endorsed 'Lost Plate & by whom lost'. H13 Miscellaneous papers, 1755-[c.1770] Scope and content: Miscellaneous papers comprising a notice of renewal, 10 Feb 1755, of the insurance policy on Clive's house in Queen Square, [Ormond Street, London], medical recipes, [c.1760], (some in Latin) and a testimonial, [c.1770], in respect of W[illia]m Disney who was Clive's under-butler for eighteen months. Language: English, some Latin. Extent: 1 envelope. H14/1 Miscellaneous papers, 1755, Feb 10-[c.1770] Extent: 9 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1679, 1664-1670, 1703. _______________ P Political papers, 1764-1775
Admin/biog. history: Following defeat in the disputed election for the borough of Mitchell, Cornwall, in 1754, Clive served as Member of Parliament for the borough of Shrewsbury from 1761 until his death in 1774. Scope and content: Despite a political career spanning a decade and more, the group consists of comparatively few papers confined basically to the general elections of 1774-1775, and the Parliamentary enquiry of 1772-1773. Arrangement: In three series: poll books, Parliamentary enquiry papers, and miscellaneous papers. Extent: 3 vols., 4 files, 1 envelope. Scope and content: Poll books, 1774, for the borough of Shrewsbury and the county of Montgomery, 1775. Related units: Correspondence relating to the representation of Shrewsbury is in Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. P1/1 Shrewsbury poll book, 1774, Oct 14 Scope and content: A poll book for the borough of Shrewsbury the candidates' names in abbreviated form i.e. 'C' (Clive), 'L' (Charlton Leighton) and 'P' (William Pulteney), the votes cast for each and an alphabetical list of the voters with occasional remarks on their qualification to vote. Extent: 85 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 13. P1/2 Montgomeryshire poll book, 1775 Scope and content: A poll book printed by W. Williams, Shrewsbury, 1775, containing a list (arranged by hundred) of the gentlemen, clergy and freeholders of Montgomeryshire with their qualifying property and places of abode who voted in the general election for the county of Montgomery in Oct 14-15, 17, 1774. Of the two named candidates, Clive is recorded as having voted for William Mostyn Owen who defeated Watkin Williams (p. 2). Extent: 64 pp. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 173. P2 Parliamentary enquiry papers, 1772-1773 Administrative history: Ostensibly, the purpose of the Parliamentary enquiry of 1772-1773 (working through a House of Commons select committee of which Clive was a member) was to look into the affairs of India and the East India Company. In effect, however, it was the means by which Clive's enemies waged a personal attack on his governance of Bengal. Scope and content: Original documents and near-contemporary copies of Clive's papers assembled and prepared in 1772-1773 for his defence before the select committee. They include his speech to Parliament, minutes of interrogatories of witnesses, copies of his official correspondence, and memoranda and notes, etc., looking back to events and aspects of his service over a ten year period from his victory at Plassey (1757) to his final return to England (1767). Related units: Copies of East India Company accounts probably also compiled as evidence for the parliamentary enquiry are in CD. Arrangement: Clive's speech excepted, the papers take the form of subject files. Within each file the papers are in numerical order (based on an existing arrangement) but not necessarily in chronological order. Extent: 4 files, 1 vol. P2/1 Salt, 1772-1773 Scope and content: Papers relating to the inland trade in salt and the establishment of the Society of Trade, 1760-1768. Extent: 69 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1713. P2/2 Receiving of presents, 1772-1773 Scope and content: Also includes papers referring to the 'Nabob's Legacy' and Clive's military fund, 1760-1770. Extent: 22 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1659, 1714. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. P2/3 Charges by and against Messrs Leycester, Gray and Johnstone, 1772-1773 Scope and content: Papers relating to the opposition of Messrs. Leycester, Gray and Johnstone to the authority of Clive and the Bengal Select Committee and the suspension of Leycester, 1765-1766. Extent: 24 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1715. P2/4 Miscellaneous papers, 1772-1773 Scope and content: Having no specific title, the file contains papers relating to various matters connected with Clive's career, 1755-1768, including the fictitious treaty with Mir Jafar, the Batta mutiny, financial irregularities, East India Company revenues, etc. Extent: 79 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1705, 1712. P2/5 Speech, 1772, March 30 Scope and content: A printed copy of Lord Clive's speech in the House of Commons, 30th March 1772, on the motion made for leave to bring in a Bill for the better regulation of the affairs of the East India Company and of their servants in India and for the due administration of justice in Bengal. The speech constitutes Clive's defence to the following charges that were levied against him: a monopoly of cotton, a monopoly of diamonds, frauds in the exchange and in the gold coinage, a monopoly of salt, betel nut and tobacco and the peculation of revenues. It includes details of Clive's accounts (receipts and disbursements) in India taken from his books kept by Mr. Verelst (pp. 38-39) an account of the Company's investments from Bengal for the seven years preceding and subsequent to the acquisition of the Diwani in 1765 (p. 50), an account of the Company's revenues and the civil, military and other expenses, 1765-1771, (p.52) and an interesting insight (from Clive's point of view) of the life of a Company servant (pp. 43-45). Extent: 61 pp. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. P3 Miscellaneous political papers, 1764-1769 Scope and content: Miscellaneous papers relating to the passing of a local turnpike Act, 1764, the 'weight' of estate royalties for electoral purposes, [c.1768], and the Pontefract election of 1768, which was fought by Henry Strachey, Clive's secretary, who eventually won on appeal. Extent: 1 envelope. P3/1 Miscellaneous political papers, 1764-1769 Extent: 3 items. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1681; 1683. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From an envelope in the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. _______________ A Attorneys' papers, 1764-1768
Scope and content: The group comprises proceedings (minutes) and correspondence, 1764-1768, of Clive's attorneys who conducted his affairs in England while he was in India. Related units: Further attorneys' accounts in connection with household/family matters are in H9. Arrangement: In three series: proceedings, 1764-1768 and letter books, 1764-1768. Scope and content: Original and copy proceedings, 1764-1768, of the attorneys' meetings held for the most part during Clive's third and final stay in India but also covering a short period following his return to England in 1767. The range of business transacted relates inter alia to estate matters (building work, mortgages, purchase and sale and household insurance), the payment of bills, annuities, the transfer of Clive's East India stock (giving the holders' names), his interest in diamonds including that bought of Mr Pybus, letters from India and local events. The attorneys are M. Clive (i.e. Margaret, Lady Clive), Richard Clive, John Walsh, George Clive, Henry Clive and John Kelsall. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 vols. A1/1 Proceedings, 1764, June 8-1767, July 13 Extent: 100 ff. paginated 1-199. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 72. A1/2 Proceedings, 1764, June 8-1767, Jan 23 Scope and content: A contemporary copy of A1/1 ending 23 January 1767 made for Henry Clive by one of his attorneys. Extent: 57 ff. of text paginated 1-113. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 73. A1/3 Proceedings, 1768, Jan 26-1768, Feb 9 Scope and content: During the period covered by this volume Clive was back in England having returned some six months previously. It contains just four meetings of two of his attorneys (i.e. John Walsh and George Clive) devoted exclusively to estate matters i.e. the estates of the late Lord Windsor and of Mr. Waring, and those of Kevenlease, Maeslough and Shrewsbury. It includes loose minutes [circa 5 Feb 1768] of the first three meetings. Extent: 5 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 74 and Papers 1691 (enclosure). Scope and content: Letter books, 1764-1768, containing outgoing correspondence of Clive's attorneys' in pursuance of the business transacted in their meetings. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 vols. A2/1 Letter book, 1764, June 8-1767, July 9 Scope and content: Includes lists detailing the pamphlets, newspapers, books and other things shipped to him from England. Extent: 72 ff. of text; apart from those addressed to Clive the letters are individually numbered and total 137. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 75. A2/2 Letter book, 1768, Jan 26-July 5 Scope and content: Includes letters about discussed electioneering (pp. 1-4), the purchase of estates (pp. 1-2, 6-8, 13-15), and the legacy left to Clive by Mir Jafar (p. 5). Extent: 8 ff. of text, paginated 1-15. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 55. A3 Miscellaneous papers, [c.1765]-1767 Scope and content: Miscellaneous papers, [c.1765]-1767, relating to the attorneys' dealings with regard to Clive's assignations (bills) on the Dutch East India Company, his East India stock and repairs at Styche Hall. Language: English, Dutch. Extent: 1 envelope. A3/1 Miscellaneous papers, [c.1765]-1767, Feb 13 Extent: 4 items. _______________ T Executors' papers, 1774-1796
Scope and content: The group comprises papers, 1774-1791, of Clive's executors relating to the winding up of his estate in both England and India comprising minutes, 1774-1791, account books, ledgers and journals, 1774-1790, inventories, [c.1775], and catalogues of libraries, 1774-1776. Arrangement: In eight series: rough proceedings/minutes, account books, cash books, ledgers, journals, estimates of receipts and expenditure, inventories, and library catalogues. Extent: 26 vols., 2 items. T1 Rough proceedings/minutes, 1774-1796 Scope and content: The series consists of rough proceedings/minute books of the executors' meetings from 1774 to 1791. Amongst matters dealt with are the payment of funeral and mourning expenses, the probate of Clive's will, the payment of legacies, annuities, and tradesmen's bills, the maintenance and education of his children, the recovery of debts, the sale and purchase of estate properties and claims against the estate. The subjects of Indian interest include bills on the East India Company, the expiration of Clive's jagir (5 May 1784), and the payment of his attorneys' bills in Bengal with the closure of his concerns there (11 December 1785). The proceedings give the names of the executors together with those of other persons whose attendance was required at the meetings including on occasions Lady Clive and Edward, Lord Clive. Related material: Further executors' minutes are Shropshire Record Office 552/7/53-58. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 3 vols. T1/1 Rough proceedings/minutes, 1774, Nov 23-1778, April 10 Scope and content: Includes five loose leaves, dated 10 April 1778, being a continuation of the incomplete minutes of the last recorded meeting together with a, receipt 27 April 1766, for 150 guineas received by Henry Dogge from the trustees and a note in French relating to the payment of legacies. Extent: 135 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 69. T1/2 Rough proceedings/minutes, 1778, April 24-1782, June 14 Extent: 85 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 70. T1/3 Rough proceedings/minutes, 1783, Jan 12-1791, June 10 Extent: 38 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 71. Scope and content: An account book, 1774-1786, with Messrs. Gosling, Clive and Gosling, bankers, relating to the payment of legacies, annuities, etc. Extent: 1 vol. T2/1 Account book, 1774, Dec 10-1786, May 9 Extent: 45 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 23. Scope and content: A cash ledger containing accounts relating inter alia to funeral charges, servants' mourning, wages and allowances (names and positions given), tradesmen's bills (names and trades given), expenses of executing Clive's will, household insurance and taxes in London. Extent: 1 vol. T3/1 Cash book, 1774, Nov 22-1790, June 30 Extent: 18 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 91. Scope and content: Journals of Clive's executors, 1775-1795, recording details of monies received and due to named individuals, value of investments and jewellery, expenditure on estate repairs and improvements, payments to annuitants, and members of the family, estate income, rent arrears, etc. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 5 vols. T4/1 Journal, 1775 Extent: 83 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 161. Notes: Endorsed 'Journal A'. T4/2 Journal, 1776-1778 Extent: 73 ff. of text. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 164. Notes: Endorsed 'Journal B'. T4/3 Journal, 1779 Extent: 21 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 165. Notes: Endorsed 'Journal C'. T4/4 Journal, 1779-1786 Extent: 141 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 167. Notes: Endorsed 'Journal D'. T4/5 Journal, 1786-1795 Extent: 43 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 169. Scope and content: Ledgers of Clive's executors, 1775-1796, giving summary balances due from, and received to, Clive's estate. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 5 vols. T5/1 Ledger, 1775 Extent: 63 ff. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 162. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger A'. T5/2 Ledger, 1776-1778 Scope and Content: Enclosed are draft balances, 1776-1768, and account with John Ashby [Clive's Shrewsbury solicitor], 1775. Extent: 73 ff. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 164. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger B'. T5/3 Ledger, 1779 Extent: 23 ff. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 166. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger C'. T5/4 Ledger, 1779-1786 Extent: 51 ff. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 168. Notes: Endorsed 'Ledger D'. T5/5 Ledger, 1786-1796 Extent: 20 ff. Finding aids: Indexed. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 170. T6 Estimate of monthly receipts and disbursements, 1775 Scope and content: Estimate of monthly receipts and disbursements, Jan-July 1775, mainly interest payments and annuities. Extent: 1 vol. T6/1 Estimate of monthly receipts and disbursements, 1775, Jan-July Extent: 7 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 92. Notes: Endorsed '4th book', 'No. 18', 'Minute Book page 39'. Scope and content: Inventories, 1769-1781, of livestock, household furniture and personal belongings of Clive drawn up by or for his executors. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 6 vols., 2 items. T7/1 Inventory of Claremont, 1774. Dec 7 Scope and content: Inventory of livestock and farming implements at Claremont, together with inventories of effects in the stables, saddle room, granary, kitchen garden, gardens and pleasure grounds at the same, and of foreign animals and birds, including a zebra, and an African bull and seven goats described as very troublesome. Extent: 8 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 2 and Papers 1694. Notes: Loose in the volume is a list, [c.1769], of fruit, flowers and livestock which the Duchess of Newcastle gave to Clive without any valuation. Endorsed 'No. 4', '2nd Book', 'Minute Book page 15'. T7/2 Inventory of Claremont, 1774, Dec 8-1775, Lady Day Scope and content: Duplicate of T6/1 but including notes about what is to be done with the livestock and some of the farming implements, Mr. Probert's plan and recommendations for the estate, and a rental of the Claremont estate for Lady Day 1775 together with attendant outgoings and notes about what is to be done with parts of the estate and the staff. Extent: 12 ff. of text; paginated 1-16, continued 17-24. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 9. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 7', '3rd Book', 'Minute Book page 25'. T7/3 Inventory of Claremont, 1774, Dec 8-1775, Lady Day Scope and content: Draft or rough copy of T7/2. Extent: 12 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 10. T7/4 Inventory of personal effects, [1774, Oct-1775, March] Scope and content: Inventory of some of Clive's personal effects including a watch, gold buckles and a complete dress of the Knight of the Bath that he had worn. Extent: 1 f. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1675. T7/5 Inventory of Indian curiosities, [1774, Dec] Scope and content: Inventory of Indian curiosities that Clive had acquired. Extent: 1 f. Physical characteristics: Damaged; repaired at NLW January 2007. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 40', 'delivered in 17 March 1775'. 'Minute Book page 58'. T7/6 Inventory of Berkeley Square, [1774, Dec] Scope and content: Inventory of the household goods, furniture, china and linen, etc. of the late Lord Clive. The inventory concludes with a memorandum, 31 March 1775, declaring that the goods had been delivered over to Lady Clive by Clive's executors in pursuance of his will (p. 54). Extent: 25 ff. of text; paginated 1-53, continued 54 (pp. 38-42 and 46 are blank). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 79. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 31', 'delivered in 17 March 1775', 'Minute Book page 55'. T7/7 Inventory of Berkeley Square, [1774, Dec] Scope and content: Copy of T7/6 for Lady Clive but without the memorandum. Extent: 26 ff. of text; paginated 1-55 (pp. 37-42 and 46 are blank). T7/8 Inventory of missing furniture, 1781, June 8 Scope and content: Inventory of missing household furniture at Berkeley Square. Most of the missing items seem to have been taken by Lady Clive's servants probably on her orders, or 'worn out' but one item was 'stolen in 1779 by a man from the upholsterer not taken' (f. 2r). Extent: 8 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 78. T8 Catalogues of libraries, 1774-1776 Scope and content: Catalogues of Clive's libraries at Walcot and Berkeley Square, 1774, with loose papers, 1775-1776. Related units: Earlier catalogues of Clive's books are at H12/2 and R1. Extent: 4 vols., 1 item. T8/1 Catalogue of books at Walcot, 1774, Dec Extent: 2 ff. T8/2 Draft catalogue of books [at Berkeley Square], [1774, Dec 13] Scope and content: Draft catalogue of the library [at Berkeley Square]. Arrangement: Alphabetically by title. Extent: 28 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 66. T8/3 Draft catalogue of books at Berkeley Square, 1774, Dec 13 Scope and content: Draft catalogue of the library at Berkeley Square. Arrangement: Alphabetically by size. Extent: 45 ff. T8/4 Draft catalogue of books at Berkeley Square, 1774, Dec 13-1776, May Scope and content: Draft catalogue of the library at Berkeley Square. Arrangement: Alphabetically by location. Extent: 35 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 64. Notes: Loose in the volume are lists of books transferred from Berkeley Square to Oakly Park, May 1775-Oct 1776, and rough catalogues of books. T8/5 Catalogue of books at Berkeley Square, Claremont, Walcot and Oakly Park 1774, Dec 13-1775, March 24 Scope and content: Catalogue of the library at Berkeley Square catalogued by size with location followed by music books and maps; an alphabetical catalogue of books at Claremont, January 1775 and since removed to Berkeley Square; and catalogues of books at Walcot and Oakly extracted from Mr Probert's inventories The whole library was valued at £850/16/0. The catalogue ends with an acknowledgement by Edward Clive that he has received from his father's executors all the books catalogued in accordance to his father's will. Extent: 55 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 79. Related papers: A catalogue of books at Oakly Park in November 1774 is in R1/2. Notes: Endorsed 'No. 34', delivered 17th March 1775', 'Minute Book page 56'. _______________ R Personal papers, 1742-1775
Scope and content: The group comprises manuscripts and papers from or relating to Clive's private library, papers relating to his support of local causes and his Knighthood of the Bath, various bills, bonds and other personal accounts, personal correspondence and acquired papers. Language: English, some French. Arrangement: In five series: library catalogues/lists, poems, plays and manuscripts, personal correspondence, miscellaneous papers and acquired papers. Extent: 9 vols., 4 envelopes, 2 bundles, 1 file. R1 Library catalogues/lists, 1769-1775 Scope and content: Catalogues/lists, 1769-1775, of the private and official papers that Clive kept at his various residences. Related papers: Later library catalogues compiled for or by Clive's executors are T8. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 5 vols., 1 envelope. R1/1 Library catalogue, 1769, July 31 Scope and content: A detailed list of the titles, the sizes and the number of the books transferred from Westcomb[e] to Claremont. The list is seemingly arranged according to the containers in which the books were packed, i.e. 'as they came from Westcombe removed to Claremont'. At the end of the volume there is an alphabetical list of the names and London addresses of female friends and acquaintances [of Lady Clive]. Extent: 38 ff. of text, ff. 24-38 inverted. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 68. R1/2 Library catalogue, [c.1770] Scope and content: A catalogue [c.1770] of a library arranged alphabetically by title with corresponding shelf numbers. Its location is not identified. Extent: 32 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 67. R1/3 List of official papers, 1770, Aug 25 Scope and content: A list of the official books and papers relating to India sent to Walcot. The list relates to papers deriving mainly from Clive's second governorship of Bengal (1765-1767) but the earliest documents date from 1762. Related units: The list supplements the index/list in CR7 The Indian publications are also referred to in T8/5. Extent: 2 ff. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1696. R1/4 Library catalogue, 1771, July 12-1775 May Scope and content: A shelf catalogue of the library at Walcot, 12 July 1771. Added to the volume are lists of books sent from Berkeley Square to Oakly Park, 5 Nov 1774 and May 1775. Extent: 11 ff. of text. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1139. Notes: R2 Poems, plays and manuscripts, [c.1760-c.1772] Scope and content: Poems, plays and manuscripts from Clive's private collection. Extent: 1 vol. 1 envelope. R2/1 Poems, [c.1771] Scope and content: Poem, [c.1771], in honour of Lord Clive by Francis Bacon Lee. Extent: 1 envelope. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1723. R2/2 Plays, [c.1760] Scope and content: Handwritten play/dramatic poem, [c.1760], entitled 'The British Hero, Or, India Preserv'd,' dedicated to Lord Clive. Author unidentified. Extent: 61 pp. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. R3 Personal correspondence, 1760-1768 Scope and content: Personal and domestic correspondence comprising letters from Clive to his cousin George Clive, 1760-1761; letters to Clive in India from his wife, Margaret, Lady Clive, and his son Edward, 1765-1767; and letters from Lady Clive in Europe to Clive in England, 1768. Extent: 3 bundles. R3/1 Letters from Clive to George Clive, 1760, Oct 4-1761, Nov 11 Scope and content: Letters, 4 Oct 1760-11 Nov 1761, from Clive at Mortlake, Montgomery, Berkley Square and Bath to his cousin George Clive at Drayton, co. Salop and Penryn, co. Cornwall. The range of matters discussed include the recipient's finances, the overspending on Styche Hall, Clive's purchase from Lord Montford of the Montford estate, the Penryn election, March 1761, in which George Clive was a defeated candidate, and their commercial affairs arising from their time together in India. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 5 items. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: Bundle 39 in box marked 'Clive of India'. R3/2 Letters to Clive in India from his wife and son, 1765, March 12-1767, March 15 Scope and content: Letters, 12 March 1765-15 March 1767, to Clive in India and during his voyages out and back from Margaret, Lady Clive at Berkeley Square and Westcomb but also from his son Edward at Berkeley Square and Eton. They convey news of family and friends, events and happenings in England and Ned's (Edward's) schooling and make recommendations for appointments in the Company's service. Some of Lady Clive's letters are long, that of 12 Nov 1766, for example, comprising 23 pages. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 20 items. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: Bundle 35 in box marked 'Clive of India'. R3/3 Letters to Clive from his wife in Europe, 1768, Sept 9 & 21 Scope and content: Letters from Lady Clive in Europe to Lord Clive in England written in the context of the continental tour which they both undertook in 1768, but from which Clive returned earlier than his wife because of an illness that prevented him from travelling. The letters, dated 9 and 21 Sept 1768, and written from Spa in France to Clive at Berkeley Square, speak of Lady Clive's progress and homecoming. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 2 items. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. R4 Miscellaneous papers, 1742-1773 Scope and content: Miscellaneous papers, comprising bills and bonds, 1742-1773, subscription lists, 1762-1771, and papers relating to the Order of the Bath, 1764-[1772]. Language: English, French. Arrangement: By subject. Extent: 1 folder, 2 envelopes (46 items). R4/1 Bills, bonds, etc., 1742-1773 Scope and content: Bills, bonds and other personal accounts, 1742-1770, including laundry bills, 1742, dating from Clive's early life (mostly in French), bonds and promissory notes for various sums owed to or by Clive, 1761-1769, and bills of sale relating to his shares in ships, 1762-1770. Extent: 1 folder (38 items). Language: English, French. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1641, 1680, 1685-1689. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. R4/2 Subscription lists, 1762-1771 Scope and content: Subscription lists, 1762-1771, for the mother of a Captain Bridge killed in Bengal, 1762; to race a horse over Shrewsbury racecourse, 1770; to raise £3000 decreed by the court of Chancery against Shrewsbury corporation, 1771, and a proposal to republish Meninski's Dictionary of the Arabick, Persian and Turkish languages edited by William Jones, 1770. Extent: 1 envelope (5 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1698-1699, 1701, 1905. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. R4/3 Papers relating to the Order of the Bath, 1764-[1772] Scope and content: Papers, 1764-[1772], relating to Clive's investiture and installation as a Knight of the Bath including the royal dispensation for his wearing the badge and ensigns of the Order in view of his residence in India and a list of ticket holders for the installation ball. Related units: Further papers relating to Clive's knighthood are in T7/4 . Extent: 1 envelope (3 items). Previous number in 1954 Schedule: Papers 1645. Previous reference in 1990 Deposit: From an envelope in the box marked 'Clive of India', un-numbered. Scope and content: Papers acquired by Robert Clive, 1739-1772, some deliberately, others it seems by accident. Arrangement: Chronological. Extent: 1 bundle, 2 folders, 2 volumes. Language: English, French. Notes: R5/1 R5/2 have not been reproduced in this collection as they were not relevant either to India or Clive's estate acquired as a result of his career. R5/3 West Florida dispute, [c.1766] Scope and content: A manuscript, [c.1766], comprising copies of letters relating to a dispute between George Johnstone, the governor of West Florida, and the deputy governor. George Johnstone was the leader of a group in the House of Commons which took part in the attack on Clive in the parliamentary enquiry of 1772-1773. His brother, John Johnstone, a member of the Calcutta Select Committee, disputed Clive's powers as governor of Bengal in 1765. These links perhaps help to explain Clive's interest in and custody of the manuscript. Extent: 27 pp. including five loose leaves. Language: French. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 35. R5/4 MS appendix of a work on Batta, [?1770s] Scope and content: A manuscript list of fifty one copy letters and statistical documents (with the text of all but the last two) intended as an appendix to a work (unidentified) on Batta (field allowance) and the Batta mutiny of April-June 1766, with details of the location of the original source material (e.g. 'In the Letter Book G' and 'Consultations 16th June'). Extent: 35 loose folios. Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 1740. R5/5 A Refutation of Considerations on Indian Affairs [c.1772]
Scope and content: An incomplete manuscript, [c.1772], of a Refutation of Considerations on Indian Affairs by William Bolts (1772), being presumably A View of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of the British Government in Bengal (1772) by Harry Verelst, Clive's successor as governor.
Extent: 64 loose conjoint pairs of leaves (128 ff.).
Previous number in 1954 Schedule: MS 1741. _______________ To cite this resource: Huw Bowen (2007) The Indian papers of Colonel Clive and Brigadier-General Carnac, 1752-1774 : an introduction to the British Online Archives edition, http://www.britishonlinearchives.co.uk/9781851171859.php. Last updated: 14 August 2009. |
![Clive's Military administration of Bengal papers [c.1750s]-1771](../thumbnails/71859-5cb_tn.jpg "Clive's Military administration of Bengal papers [c.1750s]-1771")
![Clive's Records of the Calcutta mayor's court, [c.1765]-1766](../thumbnails/71859-6csb_tn.jpg "Clive's Records of the Calcutta mayor's court, [c.1765]-1766")
![Clive's Acquired India papers, 1727-[c.1763]](../thumbnails/71859-9cg_tn.jpg "Clive's Acquired India papers, 1727-[c.1763]")
